Comparison of growth habits under various light conditions between two climax species, Castanopsis sieboldii and Castanopsis cuspidata , with special reference to their shade tolerance

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Hiroki ◽  
Kazuo Ichino
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Castanopsis Cuspidata ◽  
Castanopsis Sieboldii ◽  
Growth Habits

Chlorophyll fluorescence of submerged and floating leaves of the aquatic resurrection plant Chamaegigas intrepidus

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Woitke ◽  
Wolfram Hartung ◽  
Hartmut Gimmler ◽  
Hermann Heilmeier
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Resurrection Plant ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Floating Leaves

The role of submerged and floating leaves in plant photosynthetic performance of the aquatic resurrection plant Chamaegigas intrepidus Dinter was investigated by monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence under the fluctuating natural field conditions that characterise the extreme habitat of this species. The performance of the two different leaf types during desiccation–rehydration cycles in the field was examined. PSII quantum efficiency indicates a similar regeneration capacity in both leaf types after water stress. Electron transport rates under controlled light conditions were 3–4 times higher in floating leaves than in submerged leaves. The two leaf types showed specific adaptations to their ambient photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), shade tolerance in the submerged leaves and adaptation to high PPFD in floating leaves. These results imply a significant role of the floating leaves for total plant carbon gain. It is concluded that the combination of high N content of floating leaves and a high availability of CO2 and light at the water surface contributes to the importance of this leaf type for photosynthesis in C. intrepidus.

Studies on reflexion of light from silvery surfaces of fishes, with special reference to the bleak, Alburnus alburnus

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Denton ◽  
J. A. C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Reflecting Surfaces ◽  
Bleak Alburnus Alburnus ◽  
Different Parts

The problem of how a fish can make itself invisible in the natural light-conditions in an aquatic environment is discussed with particular reference to the silvery surfaces of fish.In fish which we have examined, the silvery surfaces are of two types: (1) an argenteum which consists of long thin crystals of guanine whose reflecting surfaces are approximately parallel with the surface of the fish; (2) layers of guanine crystals lying either on the inner surfaces of the scales or in the subdermis—these crystals are not, in general, orientated with their reflecting surfaces parallel with the surfaces of the fish, and are much broader than those of the argenteum.Methods are described by which the orientation of the crystal planes with respect to the planes of the scales on which they lie can be determined.The orientation of the crystals of type 2 in different parts of the body is described for the horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (L.), and for the bleak, Alburnus alburnus (L.).For the bleak it is shown that although the planes of the crystals are often very much inclined with respect to the planes of the scales, the long axes of the crystals are always approximately parallel with the planes of scales. The inclination of the crystals, therefore, is away from the scales across their short axes.Measurements of the light transmitted by silvery scales of the bleak show that they reflect light strongly when this falls obliquely on the crystals which they contain and that they are most transparent to light which strikes the scales in a direction perpendicular to the reflecting planes of the crystals.

scholarly journals Selection of full-sib families of Panicum maximum Jacq under low light conditions

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Douglas Mochi Victor ◽  
Liana Jank ◽  
Beatriz Lempp ◽  
Rosangela Maria Simeão ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Mass Accumulation

The silvopastoral system is a viable technological alternative to extensive cattle grazing, however, for it to be successful, forage grass genotypes adapted to reduced light need to be identified. The objective of this study was to select progenies of Panicum maximum tolerant to low light conditions for use in breeding programs and to study the genetic control and performance of some traits associated with shade tolerance. Six full-sib progenies were evaluated in full sun, 50% and 70% of light reduction in pots and subjected to cuttings. Progeny genotypic values (GV) increased with light reduction in relation to plant height (H) and specific leaf area (SLA). The traits total dry mass accumulation (DM) and leaf dry mass accumulation (LDM) had GV higher in 50% shade and intermediate in 70% shade. The GV of tiller number (TIL) and root dry mass accumulation (RDM) decreased with light reduction. The highest positive correlations were obtained for the traits H and RDM with SLA and DM; the highest negative correlations were between TIL and SLA and RDM, and H and LDM. The progenies showed higher tolerance to 50% light reduction and, among them, two stood out and will be used in breeding programs. It was also found that it is not necessary to evaluate some traits under all light conditions. All traits had high broad sense heritability and high genotypic correlation between progenies in all light intensities. There is genetic difference among the progenies regarding the response to different light intensities, which will allow selection for shade tolerance

Growth, Morphology, and Physiology of Intsia bijuga Trees Under Varied Light Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480c-480
Author(s):  
Robin A. DeMeo ◽  
Thomas E. Marler
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Growth Differences

Six studies were conducted with Intsia bijuga seedlings to determine the methods and extent of shade tolerance for this species. Growth differences were minimal among plants receiving varied light exposure, although treatments ranged from 19% to 100% sunlight exposure. Light saturated photosynthesis of leaves on plants receiving 24% sunlight was achieved at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of about one-fourth of that for the leaves on plants receiving 100% sunlight exposure. However, photosynthesis under conditions of extremely low PPF was higher for shade-grown plants than for full-sun plants. Shaded plants exhibited lower dark respiration, light compensation point, and light-saturated photosynthesis than full sun plants. Leaflet thickness, palisade layer number, and stomatal density of leaves of shaded plants were reduced compared with full sun plants. At seedling emergence and for several months thereafter, the plants responded to shade primarily with obligate sun plant characteristics. After the plants were established, however, responses to the varied light conditions indicated facultative structural and physiological characteristics.

Optimal NH 4 + /NO 3 ‐ ratios enhanced the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Asghar ◽  
Sajad Hussain ◽  
Cheng Bin ◽  
Iram Shafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

scholarly journals Growth of Turfgrasses under Different Levels of Shading

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 444C-444
Author(s):  
Guofan Liu ◽  
Kent D. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Different Levels

Turfgrass is grown under a wide range of environmental conditions, especially light conditions. In residential and commercial applications, selecting the appropriate turfgrass depends, in part, upon its performance under differing light conditions. This study was conducted to determine the growth habits of four turfgrasses under different shade treatments. `Common Bermuda', `Tif dwarf Bermuda', `Seashore Paspalum', and `Z-3' were grown outdoors in pots. `Z-3' is an attractive new variety of turfgrass for residential lawns. Benches were covered with shade cloth to provide different shade conditions (0%, 30%, and 50% shading). Clippings were taken every 2 weeks and dried to determine growth. Turfgrass growth under the three shade treatments were significantly different. In the 0% and 30% shade treatments, `Common Bermuda' and `Seashore Paspalum' had similar growth with their dry weights being greater than that of `Tif dwarf Bermuda' and `Z-3'. Under 50% shade, `Seashore Paspalum' grew significantly greater than the other turfgrasses. `Common Bermuda' grew significantly less under 50% shade than under 0% and 30% shade. `Common Bermuda' does well on golf courses because of its fast growth and attractiveness. With its vigorous growth and shade tolerance, `Seashore Paspalum' can be used for residential lawns. `Z-3' turfgrass, a relatively new variety for residential lawns, shows slow growth but is desirable because of its tolerance to different shade conditions.

scholarly journals Functional Trait Trade-Offs for the Tropical Montane Rain Forest Species Responding to Light from Simulating Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peili Mao ◽  
Runguo Zang ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Junbao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Montane Rain Forest ◽  
Successional Stages

Differences among tropical tree species in survival and growth to light play a key role in plant competition and community composition. Two canopy species with contrasting functional traits dominating early and late successional stages, respectively, in a tropical montane rain forest of Hainan Island, China, were selected in a pot experiment under 4 levels of light intensity (full, 50%, 30%, and 10%) in order to explore the adaptive strategies of tropical trees to light conditions. Under each light intensity level, the pioneer species,Endospermum chinense(Euphorbiaceae), had higher relative growth rate (RGR), stem mass ratio (SMR), specific leaf area (SLA), and morphological plasticity while the shade tolerant climax species,Parakmeria lotungensis(Magnoliaceae), had higher root mass ratio (RMR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR). RGR of both species was positively related to SMR and SLA under each light level but was negatively correlated with RMR under lower light (30% and 10% full light). The climax species increased its survival by a conservative resource use strategy through increasing leaf defense and root biomass investment at the expense of growth rate in low light. In contrast, the pioneer increased its growth by an exploitative resource use strategy through increasing leaf photosynthetic capacity and stem biomass investment at the expense of survival under low light. There was a trade-off between growth and survival for species under different light conditions. Our study suggests that tree species in the tropical rainforest adopt different strategies in stands of different successional stages. Species in the earlier successional stages have functional traits more advantageous to grow faster in the high light conditions, whereas species in the late successional stages have traits more favorable to survive in the low light conditions.

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