Neuropeptides in the Cerebral Circulation: Relevance to Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Edvinsson ◽  
PJ Goadsby
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Associated Symptoms

The article briefly describes the innervation of the human cerebral circulation by nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gent-related peptide (CGRP). The neuropeptides in human cerebral arteries were characterized by radioimmunoassay in combination with HPLC. These neuropeptides mediate contraction (NPY) and dilatation (VIP, SP, CGRP). In conjunction with spontaneous attacks of migraine or cluster headache, release of CGRP is seen. With the associated symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, VIP is released. Successful treatment may abort the peptide release in parallel with disappearance of headache.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y and substance P in rat adrenal medulla after heat stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Dragana Petrovic-Kosanovic ◽  
Vesna Koko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence

Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of VIP-, NPY- and SP-immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal medulla. VIP- and NPY-immunoreactivity was detected in chromaffin and ganglion cells and in nerve fibers, but SP-immunoreactivity was found only in chromaffin cells. After acute heat stress, VIP- and NPY- immunoreactivities in cells and nerve fibers were reduced, probably as a result of the release of these peptides with catecholamines. The absence of SP-immunoreactive ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla suggests that the SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers are extrinsic in origin.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Cerebral Blood Vessels: Effect of Extirpation of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hara ◽  
I. Jansen ◽  
R. Ekman ◽  
E. Hamel ◽  
E. T. MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Network ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Rostral Part

The innervation of cerebral blood vessels by nerve fibers containing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the vasomotor effects of the two neurotransmitters have been analyzed in the rat following the uni- or bilateral removal of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), which is thought to be the major origin of this innervation. Histochemistry of AChE-positive nerve fibers and the immunoreactivity toward VIP revealed only a 30% reduction in the innervation pattern of the rostral part of the cerebral circulation following the operation. At ∼4 weeks postoperatively, the original nerve network was restored. Quantitative measurements of cholineacetyltransferase activity and VIP revealed similar reductions in the levels of collected large cerebral arteries at the base of the brain and in small pial vessels overlying the cerebral cortex at the various postoperative times following uni- or bilateral removal of the SPG. The two techniques thus complemented each other. Vasomotor reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and VIP was examined in proximal segments of the middle cerebral artery at the various postoperative times. Generally, the removal of the SPG had no effect on the responses to ACh or VIP. The evidence indicates that only approximately one-third of the cholinergic/VIP innervation of the rostral part of the cerebral circulation originates in the SPG.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Neuropeptide Y, and Substance P, in rat adrenal cortex after acute heat stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Dragana Petrovic-Kosanovic ◽  
Mirela Ukropina ◽  
Maja Cakic-Milosevic ◽  
Mirela Budec ◽  
Verica Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence

Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY), and the absence of Substance P (SP) immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal cortex. VIP- and NPY-immunoreactivity were detected in nerve fibers around the small blood vessels projecting into the capsule and cortical zones surrounding blood vessels and cortical cells. After acute heat stress, VIP- and NPY-immunoreactivities in the nerve fibers were reduced, probably as a result of the release of these peptides.

Neuropeptides in Migraine and Cluster Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Edvinsson ◽  
PJ Goadsby
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Headache Patients ◽  
Stimulation Of

The cerebral circulation is invested by a rich network of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and noradrenaline containing sympathetic nerve fibers in arteries, arterioles and veins. However, the nerve supply of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) containing fibers is sparse. While noradrenaline and NPY cause vasoconstriction, VIP, SP and CGRP are potent vasodilators. Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in cat and man elicits release of SP and CGRP. Subjects with spontaneous attacks of migraine show release of CGRP in parallel with headache. Cluster headache patients have release of CGRP and VIP during bouts. Treatment with sumatriptan aborts headache in migraine and cluster headache as well as the concomitant peptide release.

scholarly journals Vasomotor Responses of Rat Intracerebral Arterioles to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Substance P, Neuropeptide Y, and Bradykinin

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph G. Dacey ◽  
John E. Bassett ◽  
Masakazu Takayasu
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cerebral Microcirculation ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Spontaneous Tone ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of vasoactive peptides on vascular smooth muscle in the cerebral microcirculation was examined using an isolated intracerebral arteriole preparation. Extraluminally applied vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) dilated the spontaneous tone of intracerebral arterioles to 118.9 ± 3.1% of control diameter at pH 7.30, with an EC50 of 7.27 × 10−8 M. Similar degrees of dilation to VIP were seen in vessels preconstricted by changing bath solution to pH 7.60. Substance P had no effect on vessel diameter at pH 7.30. However, in vessels precontracted by pH 7.60, significant dose-dependent dilation was observed with an EC50 of 2.55 × 10−10 M. Neuropeptide constricted intracerebral arterioles to 8l.22 ± 2.7% of control diameter, with an EC50 of 6.23 × 10−10 M. Bradykinin dilated intracerebral arterioles at pH 7.30 and pH 7.60 to 130 ± 3.0% of control diameter. VIP and bradykinin are potent vasodilators of intracerebral arterioles. Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor. The effect of substance P appeared to be either pH-dependent or dependent on some degree of precontraction by another agonist, but no effect on vessel diameter was seen at pH 7.30.

Decreased levels of [Met]enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in parkinsonian adrenal medulla

1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Stoddard ◽  
Gertrude M. Tyce ◽  
J.Eric Ahlskog ◽  
Alan R. Zinsmeister ◽  
Daniel K. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Adrenal Medulla

scholarly journals Nerve Fibers Containing Neuropeptide Y in the Cerebrovascular Bed: Immunocytochemistry, Radioimmunoassay, and Vasomotor Effects

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Edvinsson ◽  
J. R. Copeland ◽  
P. C. Emson ◽  
J. McCulloch ◽  
R. Uddman
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Calcium Entry Blocker ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Perivascular nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were identified around cerebral blood vessels of human, cat, guinea pig, rat, and mouse. The major cerebral arteries were invested by dense plexuses; veins, small arteries, and arterioles were accompanied by few fibers. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion resulted in a reduction of NPY-like material in pial vessels and dura mater. Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or reserpine reduced the number of visible NPY fibers and the concentration of NPY in rat cerebral vessels. Sequential immuno-staining with antibodies toward dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of noradrenaline) and NPY revealed an identical localization of DBH and NPY in nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion and in perivascular fibers of pial blood vessels, suggesting their coexistence. Administration of NPY in vitro resulted in concentration-dependent contractions that were not modified by a sympathectomy. The contractions induced by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin F2α and the dilator responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide were not modified by NPY in rat cerebral arteries. However, the constrictor response to NPY was reduced by 70% in the presence of the calcium entry blocker nifedipine, and abolished following incubation in a calcium-free buffer. These data suggest an interaction of NPY at a postsynaptic site, which for induction of contraction may open calcium channels in the sarcolemma of cerebral arteries.

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