Specificity of constitutive and induced resistance: pigment glands influence mites and caterpillars on cotton plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag A. Agrawal ◽  
Richard Karban
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Pigment Glands

scholarly journals Physiological cost of induced resistance in cotton plants at different nitrogen levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Guimarães Barbosa ◽  
Delson Laranjeira ◽  
Rildo Sartori Barbosa Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cotton Plants

Resistance induction through the use of chemical inducers often results in physiological costs to the plant. In this study, induced resistance in cotton plants was evaluated with regard to physiological costs in a cultivar susceptible to Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides (CNPA GO 2002 - 7997). Plants were cultivated in substrates with two levels of nitrogen and received two applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), jasmonic acid (JA) and Agro-Mos® (AM) disease resistance inducers. Plant height (H), internodal length (IL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were evaluated. The activity of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX) was also determined. The plants treated with ASM presented high physiological costs with an accentuated reduction in H, SFW and SDW, whereas those treated with JA exhibited a significant increase in SDW, and did not significantly differ from H and IL. In the potting mix supplemented with nitrogen, all inducers differed from the control treatment regarding to internodal length, whereas only ASM and AM presented a significant difference between one another in the potting mix without the addition of nitrogen. Significant correlations (P=0.05) were found for most of the variables analyzed, with greater correlations observed between SFW and SDW (0.94); IL and H (0.74); SFW and H (0.70); and SDW and H (0.70). ASM induced the least amount of PAL activity, significantly differing from the remaining treatments. Greater POX activity was observed in ASM, which significantly differed from the control. AM and JA, however, presented lower activity than the control with regard to these enzymes, and it was not possible to confirm induction resistance in these two treatments.

scholarly journals Application of a robust microplate assay to determine induced β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the cotton plant

BioTechniques ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahad Khan ◽  
Ummad-ud-din Umar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Microplate Assay ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Cotton Plants

Resistance is induced in cotton plants as the result of either viral infection or exogenous application of elicitors. Induced resistance can be evaluated by determining the production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in plants as a biochemical parameter. The assays being used for the determination of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity are laborious and not cost-effective, as the reducing sugars produced by the substrates colloidal chitin and laminarin are very expensive. The concentration of both substrates was standardized and reduced to 0.25% from 4% in a modified microplate assay, which appeared to be more effective. The amount of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase produced was significant and determined by the new modified assay. The sensitivity of the microplate assay was significantly raised approximately one- to twofold.

Characterization of circular DNA molecules from cotton plants with leaf curl disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Nouman Tahir ◽  
Imran Amin ◽  
Rana Binyamin ◽  
Shahid Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Efficient and Effective Failure Analysis of Low-Resistive Defect in Logic Device Using Layout-aware and Volume Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Seok Song ◽  
Eun Ji Park ◽  
Tae Hwan Kim ◽  
Dong Hae Kang ◽  
Jong Taek Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Electrical Isolation ◽  
Turn Around Time

Abstract Efficient and effective failure analysis (FA) of low-resistive defect was studied by using layout-aware and volume diagnosis. Small or marginal defect is one of the most difficult defectivities to identify during FA effort, especially if defect-induced resistance is not as high as the electrical isolation can detect. Here, we used new analysis methodologies, particularly using layout-aware and volume diagnosis, and prioritizing patterns in terms of a defective risk for following FA. The actual FA work verified that new analysis methodologies successfully identified low-resistive defect of Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) which was not detected by a conventional way and efficiently reduced the turn-around time (TAT) of physical failure analysis (PFA) by 57%, prompting fast feedback to fab.

Laser Failure Isolation Techniques Demonstrated On Test Structures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Heating Effects

Abstract To be better prepared to use laser based failure isolation techniques on field failures of complex integrated circuits, simple test structures without any failures can be used to study Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) results. In this article, four case studies are presented on the following test structures: metal strap, contact string, VIA string, and comb test structure. Several experiments were done to investigate why an OBIRCH image was seen in certain areas of a VIA string and not in others. One experiment showed the OBRICH variation was not related to the cooling and heating effects of the topology, or laser beam focusing. A 4 point probe resistance measurement and cross-sectional views correlated with the OBIRCH results and proved OBIRCH was able to detect a variation in VIA fabrication.

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