Anti‐inflammatory ethosomal nanoformulation in combination with iontophoresis in chronic wound healing: An ex vivo study

AbstractOctenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is a widely used antiseptic molecule, promoting skin wound healing accompanied with improved scar quality after surgical procedures. However, the mechanisms by which OCT is contributing to tissue regeneration are not yet completely clear. In this study, we have used a superficial wound model by tape stripping of ex vivo human skin. Protein profiles of wounded skin biopsies treated with OCT-containing hydrogel and the released secretome were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Proteomics analysis of OCT-treated skin wounds revealed significant lower levels of key players in tissue remodeling as well as reepithelization after wounding such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9) when compared to controls. In addition, enzymatic activity of several released MMPs into culture supernatants was significantly lower in OCT-treated samples. Our data give insights on the mode of action based on which OCT positively influences wound healing and identified anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory activities of OCT.

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Ex vivo corneal epithelial wound healing following exposure to ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Clinical Ophthalmology ◽

10.2147/opth.s16778 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

McDermott ◽

Ke-Ping Xu ◽

Linda Villanueva ◽

Rhett M. Schiffman ◽

David Hollander

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Corneal Epithelial ◽

Epithelial Wound Healing ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Surface-Modified Multifunctional Thymol-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Topical Acne Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13091501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1501

Author(s):

Camila Folle ◽

Natalia Díaz-Garrido ◽

Elena Sánchez-López ◽

Ana Maria Marqués ◽

Josefa Badia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Surface Functionalization ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Topical Administration ◽

Antibacterial Performance ◽

Cutibacterium Acnes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Surface Modified

The present work is focused on the development of novel surface-functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with thymol (TH-NPs) for topical administration enhancing thymol anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing activities against acne. TH-NPs were prepared by solvent evaporation method using different surface functionalization strategies and obtaining suitable physicochemical parameters and a good short-term stability at 4 °C. Moreover, TH-NPs skin penetration and antioxidant activity were assessed in ex vivo pig skin models. Skin penetration of TH-NPs followed the follicular route, independently of the surface charge and they were able to enhance antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes was evaluated in vitro by the suspension test showing improved antibacterial performance. Using human keratinocyte cells (HaCat), cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities were studied. TH-NPs were non-toxic and efficiently internalized inside the cells. In addition, TH-NPs displayed significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing activities, which were highly influenced by TH-NPs surface modifications. Moreover, a synergic activity between TH-NPs and their surface functionalization was demonstrated. To conclude, surface-modified TH-NPs had proven to be suitable to be used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing agents, constituting a promising therapy for treating acne infection and associated inflammation.

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Priority effects dictate community structure and alter virulence of fungal-bacterial biofilms

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/s41396-021-00901-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Z. Alex Cheong ◽

Chad J. Johnson ◽

Hanxiao Wan ◽

Aiping Liu ◽

John F. Kernien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Community Structure ◽

Chronic Wound ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Recurrent Infection ◽

Priority Effects ◽

Bacterial Competition ◽

Mannose Binding ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Host Microbe Interactions

AbstractPolymicrobial biofilms are a hallmark of chronic wound infection. The forces governing assembly and maturation of these microbial ecosystems are largely unexplored but the consequences on host response and clinical outcome can be significant. In the context of wound healing, formation of a biofilm and a stable microbial community structure is associated with impaired tissue repair resulting in a non-healing chronic wound. These types of wounds can persist for years simmering below the threshold of classically defined clinical infection (which includes heat, pain, redness, and swelling) and cycling through phases of recurrent infection. In the most severe outcome, amputation of lower extremities may occur if spreading infection ensues. Here we take an ecological perspective to study priority effects and competitive exclusion on overall biofilm community structure in a three-membered community comprised of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, and Candida albicans derived from a chronic wound. We show that both priority effects and inter-bacterial competition for binding to C. albicans biofilms significantly shape community structure on both abiotic and biotic substrates, such as ex vivo human skin wounds. We further show attachment of C. freundii to C. albicans is mediated by mannose-binding lectins. Co-cultures of C. freundii and C. albicans trigger the yeast-to-hyphae transition, resulting in a significant increase in neutrophil death and inflammation compared to either species alone. Collectively, the results presented here facilitate our understanding of fungal-bacterial interactions and their effects on host-microbe interactions, pathogenesis, and ultimately, wound healing.

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Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyherbal Formulation Used in Chronic Wound Healing

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9991454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ilona Mandrika ◽

Somit Kumar ◽

Baiba Zandersone ◽

Sujith Subash Eranezhath ◽

Ramona Petrovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Chronic Wound ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Objective. Polyherbal formulations Jathyadi Thailam and Jatyadi Ghritam (JT) are used in Indian traditional medicine for diabetic chronic wounds, fistula, fissure, eczema, and burn management. We aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of crude hexane and ethanol extracts of JT formulations. Methods. Antibacterial activity of JT extracts was tested to estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against nine reference bacterial strains, including one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and clinical strains of methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA), all involved in diabetic foot infection. The anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts was evaluated in LPS-treated macrophage cells by measuring the mRNA levels and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Results. The antibacterial activity of JT extracts was higher against Gram (+) bacteria, with the MICs varying from 1.95 to 62.5 mg/mL. Gram (−) bacteria were only susceptible to ethanol extracts of JT. Plant extracts were found to be the most active against the reference and clinical strains of MSSA, MRSA, and biofilm-forming S. epidermidis. JT extracts efficiently inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the mRNA expression and protein secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, and chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL10 in LPS-challenged macrophages. Conclusion. In the present study, we have shown that extracts of JT formulations possess potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that could be involved in chronic wound healing activity and has the potential to be used as external add-on therapy in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections at the wound.

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Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Evaluation of Needle Core Biopsies in Adult Renal Cortical Tumors: An Ex Vivo Study

Yearbook of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypat.2011.10.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 161-163

Author(s):

M.L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hoda Keshmiri Neghab ◽

Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar ◽

Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endothelial Cell ◽

Vitamin A ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Endothelial Cell Migration ◽

Normal Fibroblast ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Vitro Model

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inﬂammation responses.

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