Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: Towards high-level automated driving

Future intelligent transport systems depend on the accurate positioning of multipletargets in the road scene, including vehicles and all other moving or static elements. The existingself-positioning capability of individual vehicles remains insufficient. Also, bottlenecks indeveloping on-board perception systems stymie further improvements in the precision and integrityof positioning targets. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, which is fast becoming astandard component of intelligent and connected vehicles, renders new sources of informationsuch as dynamically updated high-definition (HD) maps accessible. In this paper, we propose aunified theoretical framework for multiple-target positioning by fusing multi-source heterogeneousinformation from the on-board sensors and V2X technology of vehicles. Numerical and theoreticalstudies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the framework proposed. With a low-costglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) coupled with an initial navigation system (INS), on-boardsensors, and a normally equipped HD map, the precision of multiple-target positioning attainedcan meet the requirements of high-level automated vehicles. Meanwhile, the integrity of targetsensing is significantly improved by the sharing of sensor information and exploitation of mapdata. Furthermore, our framework is more adaptable to traffic scenarios when compared withstate-of-the-art techniques.

Road Design Criteria and Capacity Estimation Based on Autonomous Vehicles Performances. First Results from the European C-Roads Platform and A22 Motorway

Transport and Telecommunication Journal ◽

10.2478/ttj-2021-0018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 230-243

Author(s):

Marco Guerrieri ◽

Raffaele Mauro ◽

Andrea Pompigna ◽

Natalia Isaenko

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Automated Vehicles ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Intelligent Transport Systems ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

Road Design ◽

First Results ◽

New Criteria

Abstract Several European road operators and authorities joined the C-Roads Platform with the aim of harmonising the deployment activities of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS). C-ITS research is preliminary to future automated-driving vehicles. The current conventional highways were designed on traditional criteria and models specifically developed for traffic flows of manually guided vehicles. Thus, this article describes some new criteria for designing and monitoring road infrastructures on the basis of performance features of autonomous (or self-driving) vehicles. The new criteria have been adopted to perform an accurate conformity control of the A22 Brenner motorway, included in the C-Roads Platform, and also to ascertain whether in future it may be travelled by automated vehicles in safety conditions. Always in accordance with the technical and scientific insights required by the C-Roads Platform, a traffic model has been implemented to estimate how the A22 capacity increases compared to current values, by taking various percentages of automated or manual vehicles into consideration. The results given by theoretical models indicate that the highway will be able to be travelled by automated vehicles in safety conditions. On the other hand, the lane capacity is due to increase up to 2.5 times more than the current capacities, experimentally determined through traffic data collected from 4 highway sections by means of Drake’s flow model.