Source enumeration via RMT estimator with adaptive decision criterion based on linear shrinkage estimation of noise eigenvalues using relatively few samples

Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to standard procedure. The amount of incorporated residues, up to 10 wt % and the ceramic firing temperature, up to 900°C, were variable conditions statistically analyzed by factorial planning. Degradation wetting-drying tests were conducted up to 6 months. The results showed that the linear shrinkage of the residue-free ceramics do not stabilize during the test period for any firing temperature. By contrast, the residue-incorporated ceramics tend to stabilize after 4 months. In addition, a decrease in water absorption and flexural strength was observed in same speciemens.

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The Effect of Informing Participants of the Response Bias of an Automated Target Recognition System on Trust and Reliance Behavior

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/00187208211021711 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001872082110217

Author(s):

Shala Knocton ◽

Aren Hunter ◽

Warren Connors ◽

Lori Dithurbide ◽

Heather F. Neyedli

Keyword(s):

Response Bias ◽

Target Recognition ◽

Rate Sensitivity ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Recognition System ◽

Decision Criterion ◽

Detection Task ◽

Mine Detection ◽

Rate Condition ◽

Consistent Response

Objective To determine how changing and informing a user of the false alarm (FA) rate of an automated target recognition (ATR) system affects the user’s trust in and reliance on the system and their performance during an underwater mine detection task. Background ATR systems are designed to operate using a high sensitivity and a liberal decision criterion to reduce the risk of the ATR system missing a target. A high number of FAs in general may lead to a decrease in operator trust and reliance. Methods Participants viewed sonar images and were asked to identify mines in the images. They performed the task without ATR and with ATR at a lower and higher FA rate. The participants were split into two groups—one informed and one uninformed of the changed FA rate. Trust and/or confidence in detecting mines was measured after each block. Results When not informed of the FA rate, the FA rate had a significant effect on the participants’ response bias. Participants had greater trust in the system and a more consistent response bias when informed of the FA rate. Sensitivity and confidence were not influenced by disclosure of the FA rate but were significantly worse for the high FA rate condition compared with performance without the ATR. Conclusion and application Informing a user of the FA rate of automation may positively influence the level of trust in and reliance on the aid.

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Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3545

Author(s):

Fernanda Andreola ◽

Isabella Lancellotti ◽

Paolo Pozzi ◽

Luisa Barbieri

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Glass Cullet ◽

Commercial Glass ◽

Packaging Glass ◽

And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

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