Resistance to Synthetic Seawater Aggression of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with an Ornamental Stone Residue

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida Maia ◽  
Fernando Saboya Albuquerque ◽  
Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Internal Expansion ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Chloride Salts

Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to standard procedure. The amount of incorporated residues, up to 10 wt % and the ceramic firing temperature, up to 900°C, were variable conditions statistically analyzed by factorial planning. Degradation wetting-drying tests were conducted up to 6 months. The results showed that the linear shrinkage of the residue-free ceramics do not stabilize during the test period for any firing temperature. By contrast, the residue-incorporated ceramics tend to stabilize after 4 months. In addition, a decrease in water absorption and flexural strength was observed in same speciemens.

Influence of Weather Exposure on Dimensional Changes in Clay Ceramics Incorporated with Granite Residue

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Clay Ceramics

Ceramic materials such as bricks and tiles used in civil construction, may eventually be exposed to weather conditions and undergo degradation with time. Although this degradation has been studied in common plain ceramics, it has not yet been investigated in clay ceramics incorporated with ornamental stone residues. In the present work the degradation suffered by clay ceramics incorporated with 5 and 10 wt % of a granite residue under weathering for 6, 8 and 10 months was evaluated. The incorporated and plain ceramics were fired at temperatures of 500, 700 and 900°C. The linear dimensional changes were measured just after firing as well as after 180, 240 and 300 days, respectively, 6, 8 and 10 months. In general, the linear dimensions tend to increase with time and firing temperature. The role of absorbed water on these changes is discussed.

Influence of Firing Temperature on the Behavior of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with Elephant Grass Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Marcia Ferreira Dias da Silva ◽  
Rosane Toledo ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Ceramics

The microstructural and technological properties of clay ceramic incorporated with 10 and 20 wt% of elephant grass ashes were investigated at different firing temperatures of 650, 850 and 1050oC. X-ray diffraction were used to obtain the minerals and phase compositions. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The technical properties related to water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural rupture strength were obtained by standard test. The results showed significant changes in the microstructure and phasic composition with increasing firing temperature. A marked improvement in the water absorption, decreasing to 18% as well as increase in strength, above 5 MPa, was found at 1050°C. However, only a slight contribution might be attributed to the incorporation of elephant grass ash. Nevertheless, its use as a by-product and the associated saving in clay are relevant environmental and economical advantages.

Factorial Design for 32 Experimental Planning of Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Ornamental Stone Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bozzi Piazzarollo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
32 Factorial Design ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Stone Industry

In recent decade there has been a worldwide trend towards encouraging the recycling of solid wastes. Both environmental and economical issues motivate recycling of industrial wastes from practically all productive sectors. In particular, the ornamental stone industry generates a significant amount of wastes in the form of small rocks and sludge. Several works have investigated the possibility of incorporation of these ornamental stone wastes (OSW) into red clay ceramics. Promising results were reported but the optimum condition the terms of composition and firing temperature are still to be defined. Therefore, the present work investigated the best values for the main technical properties through an experimental planning using 32 factorial design associated with the incorporation of OSW into clay ceramics. The best combination of strength and water absorption was found for 12 wt% incorporation and firing temperature of 920°C.

Banana Aqueous Extract as a Potential Addition to Clay Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Mariane Costalonga de Aguiar ◽  
Lara Pessin Rodrigues ◽  
Flaviane Helena Guedes ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The State ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Ceramic Structure ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Structural Blocks

Clays mined in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, are basically kaolinitic with refractory behavior. Sintering of these clays for the fabrication of red ceramic products such as bricks, tiles and structural blocks usually requires addition of fluxing agents to consolidate the ceramic structure. The banana plant has potassium as one of its major nutrients, which exists in a relatively higher amount associated with the plant lignocellulosic constitution. Since potassium compounds are also fluxing agents for clay ceramics, the present work evaluates the effect of an aqueous extract obtained from the banana plant, for plastic behavior, into a clayey mixture before firing at conventional temperatures of 700 and 900°C. The results of this banana aqueous extract addition revealed that, within standard deviations of the evaluated properties, there was no apparent improvement but only a slightly tendency of undesirable increase in the ceramic linear shrinkage at 900°C firing temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of Firing Temperature on Phase Composition and Color Properties of Ceramic Tile Bodies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6380
Author(s):  
Kornelia Wiśniewska ◽  
Waldemar Pichór ◽  
Ewelina Kłosek-Wawrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Open Porosity ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Blue Shade

This study is focused on the behavior of the cream-firing clays from Opoczno region (Poland). The ceramic masses on which tests were carried out consisted of cream-firingBorkowice clay and dolomite in two different grain sizes as an additive that changes the color of ceramic materials. Test samples were prepared by plastic method and fired at range of 1100–1240 °C. Phase composition of theinvestigated materials was characterized by XRD method with quantitive analysis of the amorphous phase determined by the Retvield technique.Color properties of the surface of the obtained ceramic materials were determined in CIE-Lab color space. The phase composition of the obtained ceramics depends on the firing temperature. The color of the surface of the ceramic materials also depends on the firing temperature. There was a tendency to decrease the brightness, decrease the blue shade, and increase the yellow shade of the surface of materials with increasing the temperature. The conducted tests allowed to conclude that the color of ceramic materials depends on their phase composition. The most important role in the formation of color correspond to the amorphous phase, formed during the process. The lower content of the amorphous phase in the material allows to obtain brighter products with a lower proportion of yellow, and therefore closer to white. Moreover, following tests were carried out: total water absorption, total open porosity, linear shrinkage, and flexural strength. With increasing the temperature, total water absorption and total open porosity decrease, and total linear shrinkage increases due to the progressive sintering process. Flexural strength increases with the increase of the firing temperature for materials consisting of Borkowice clay. The addition of dolomite introduced new pores into the material, which resulted in an increase in flexural strength at lower firing temperatures and a decrease in flexural strength at higher firing temperatures.

Addition of Ornamental Stone Waste to Improve Distinct Formulations of Clayey Ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira ◽  
Thiago Samarão Motta ◽  
Verônica Scarpini Cândido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Fluxing Agent

Clayey ceramics are being traditionally fabricated in the municipal area of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by a mixture of different clays to attend the technical specifications. In several cases, the simple mixture of clays is not able to grantee the required properties for a given fired ceramic product. In the present work, distinct formulation using two types of clays, with or without the addition of ornamental stone waste, were investigated for the effect on the technical properties of ceramics fired at 950°C. The results indicated that at this firing temperature the ornamental stone waste was not able to act as a fluxing agent and only the linear shrinkage was effectively improved.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash in Ceramic Materials Using the Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Asotah Wisdom ◽  
Udochukwu Mark ◽  
Elakhame Zeberu ◽  
Abraham Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Apparent Porosity

Optimisation of the physical properties of rice husk ash (RHA) in ceramic materials was carried out using Response Surface Methodology. The independent variables, namely the firing temperature and residue content, were statistically combined in a Central Composite Design with the effects on water absorption, linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity determined. Physical and microstructural analyses were carried out to obtain information on the processes that occurred within the ceramic materials. The results obtained were analysed to determine the optimum physical properties of the ceramic materials within the range investigated. The residue content had a significant influence (at 95% confidence level) on the bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity but not on the linear shrinkage. The firing temperature had a more significant effect on the linear shrinkage than on the residue content, so that when elevated it contributed to an increase in linear shrinkage. The optimum residue content and firing temperature to enhance physical properties within the range investigated were 5.85% RHA and 1029.64°celsius, respectively. These optimal conditions are expected to produce a ceramic material with a bulk density, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity of 1.64 g/cm3, 0.29%, 0.29 g/cm3, 18.26% and 2.11, respectively with a composite desirability of 100%.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ceramic Materials Manufactured from Ceramic Formulations Containing Quartzite and Scheelite Tailings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9417
Author(s):  
Jucielle Veras Fernandes ◽  
Danyelle Garcia Guedes ◽  
Fabiana Pereira da Costa ◽  
Alisson Mendes Rodrigues ◽  
Gelmires de Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

In this study, we develop ceramic formulations based on quartzite and scheelite tailings collected from mining companies in the northeast of Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte State). New ceramic samples (27 wt% of kaolin, 29 wt% of plastic clay, 11 wt% of quartzite tailing, and 0–8 wt% scheelite tailing) were uniaxially pressed in two steps (20 MPa and 50 Mpa for 20 s); dried at 110 °C for 24 h; and sintered at 1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C. The main mineralogical phases (mullite, quartz, calcite, and anorthite) of the sintered samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). After evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength), it was observed that the incorporation of scheelite tailing by up to 8 wt% did not significantly alter the properties of samples sintered at all temperatures. Our results indicate that the new ceramics formulations developed have strong potentials in manufacturing sustainable materials such as ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware.

scholarly journals Influence of Glass Additions on Illitic Clay Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Shishkin ◽  
Janis Baronins ◽  
Viktors Mironovs ◽  
František Lukáč ◽  
Igor Štubňa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Green Glass ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Glass Viscosity

A mixture of an illitic clay and waste glass was prepared and studied during the sintering process. The illitic clay, from the Liepa deposit (Latvia), and green glass waste (GW) were disintegrated to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The addition of disintegrated GW (5–15 wt% in the mixture) led to a reduction in the intensive sintering temperature, from 900 to 860 °C, due to a significant decrease in the glass viscosity. The addition of GW slightly decreased the intensities of the endo- and exothermic reactions in the temperature range from 20 to 1000 °C due to the reduced concentration of clay minerals. GW reduced the plasticity of the clay and reduced the risk of structural breakage. The increase in sintering temperature from 700 to 1000 °C decreased the apparent porosity and water uptake capacity of the ceramics from 35% and 22%, down to 24% and 13%, respectively. The apparent porosities of all the sintered mixtures showed a decrease of between 6% to 9% after the addition of GW with concentrations from 5 up to 15 wt% respectively, while the water uptake capacities decreased from between 4% and 10%. The addition of GW led to an increase in the apparent density of the ceramic materials, up to 2.2 g/cm3. Furthermore, the compressive strength increased by more than two times, reaching a highest value of 240 MPa after the sintering of the 15 wt% GW-containing mixture at 1000 °C.

scholarly journals Ceramic Products from Mining and Metallurgical Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Olga V. Suvorova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Selivanova ◽  
Julia A. Mikhailova ◽  
Vladimir A. Masloboev ◽  
Dmitriy V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Molding Pressure ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Clinker Brick ◽  
In Fire

The use of mining and metallurgical waste for the production of building supplies reduces the burden on the environment and serves the sustainable development of the region’s industry at the same time. Russia has substantiated the possibility of producing ceramic construction materials of compression molding from a unique mixture of substances based on waste slag of copper–nickel productions, tailings of enrichment of apatite–nepheline ores, and ferruginous quartzites of enterprises of the Murmansk region. The effect of forming pressure (20, 50, and 100 MPa) on the properties of ceramic materials was studied. It is shown that an increase in molding pressure leads to an increase in the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic materials and to a decrease in fire shrinkage and water absorption. The use of a forming pressure of 100 MPa and a firing temperature of 1050 °C makes it possible to obtain a wall clinker brick; at a firing temperature of 1100 °C and a forming pressure of 20–100 MPa, a road clinker brick can be produced. Ceramic samples with frost resistance of more than 200 cycles were received.

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