scholarly journals The ISM scaling relations in DustPedia late-type galaxies: A benchmark study for the Local Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. A100 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Casasola ◽  
S. Bianchi ◽  
P. De Vis ◽  
L. Magrini ◽  
E. Corbelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
Atomic Gas ◽  
Galaxy Morphology

Aims. The purpose of this work is the characterization of the main scaling relations between all of the interstellar medium (ISM) components, namely dust, atomic, molecular, and total gas, and gas-phase metallicity, as well as other galaxy properties, such as stellar mass (Mstar) and galaxy morphology, for late-type galaxies in the Local Universe. Methods. This study was performed by extracting late-type galaxies from the entire DustPedia sample and by exploiting the large and homogeneous dataset available thanks to the DustPedia project. The sample consists of 436 galaxies with morphological stage spanning from T = 1−10, Mstar from 6 × 107 to 3 × 1011 M⊙, star formation rate from 6 × 10−4 to 60 M⊙ yr−1, and oxygen abundance from 12 + log(O/H) = 8−9.5. Molecular and atomic gas data were collected from the literature and properly homogenized. All the masses involved in our analysis refer to the values within the optical disks of galaxies. The scaling relations involving the molecular gas are studied by assuming both a constant and a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor (XCO). The analysis was performed by means of the survival analysis technique, in order to properly take into account the presence of both detection and nondetection in the data. Results. We confirm that the dust mass correlates very well with the total gas mass, and find –for the first time– that the dust mass correlates better with the atomic gas mass than with the molecular one. We characterize important mass ratios such as the gas fraction, the molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio, the dust-to-total gas mass ratio (DGR), and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, and study how they relate to each other, to galaxy morphology, and to gas-phase metallicity. Only the assumption of a metallicity-dependent XCO reproduces the expected decrease of the DGR with increasing morphological stage and decreasing gas-phase metallicity, with a slope of about 1. The DGR, the gas-phase metallicity, and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio are, for our galaxy sample, directly linked to galaxy morphology. The molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio and the DGR show a positive correlation for low molecular gas fractions, but for galaxies rich in molecular gas this trend breaks down. To our knowledge, this trend has never been found before, and provides new constraints for theoretical models of galaxy evolution and a reference for high-redshift studies. We discuss several scenarios related to this finding. Conclusions. The DustPedia database of late-type galaxies is an extraordinary tool for the study of the ISM scaling relations, thanks to its homogeneous collection of data for the different ISM components. The database is made publicly available to the whole community.

The dust/gas/metallicity scaling relations in the Local Universe

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (A30) ◽  
pp. 276-276
Author(s):  
V. Casasola ◽  
S. Bianchi ◽  
P. De Vis ◽  
L. Magrini ◽  
E. Corbelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Combined Data

AbstractWe have combined data of the DustPedia project with observations of gas components of the interstellar medium (ISM) and metallicity abundances for late-type DustPedia galaxies to definitively characterize the ISM scaling relations in the Local Universe. In particular, we have focused on the comparison of the dust-to-gas mass ratio with gas phase metallicities.

scholarly journals CO observations of major merger pairs at z =  0: molecular gas mass and star formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Lisenfeld ◽  
Cong Kevin Xu ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Donovan L. Domingue ◽  
Chen Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
Major Merger ◽  
Atomic Gas ◽  
Gas Ratio ◽  
Co Observations

We present CO observations of 78 spiral galaxies in local merger pairs. These galaxies represent a subsample of a Ks-band-selected sample consisting of 88 close major-merger pairs (HKPAIRs), 44 spiral–spiral (S+S) pairs, and 44 spiral–elliptical (S+E) pairs, with separation <20 h−1 kpc and mass ratio <2.5. For all objects, the star formation rate (SFR) and dust mass were derived from Herschel PACS and SPIRE data, and the atomic gas mass, MHI, from the Green Bank Telescope HI observations. The complete data set allows us to study the relation between gas (atomic and molecular) mass, dust mass, and SFR in merger galaxies. We derive the molecular gas fraction (MH2/M*), molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio (MH2/MHI), gas-to-dust mass ratio and SFE (= SFR/MH2) and study their dependences on pair type (S+S compared to S+E), stellar mass, and the presence of morphological interaction signs. We find an overall moderate enhancement (∼2×) in both molecular gas fraction (MH2/M*) and molecular-to-atomic gas ratio (MH2/MHI) for star-forming galaxies in major-merger pairs compared to non-interacting comparison samples, whereas no enhancement was found for the SFE nor for the total gas mass fraction ((MHI + MH2)/M*). When divided into S+S and S+E, low mass and high mass, and with and without interaction signs, there is a small difference in SFE, a moderate difference in MH2/M*, and a strong difference in MH2/MHI between subsamples. For the molecular-to-atomic gas ratio MH2/MHI, the difference between S+S and S+E subsamples is 0.55 ± 0.18 dex and between pairs with and without interaction sign 0.65 ± 0.16 dex. Together, our results suggest that (1) star formation enhancement in close major-merger pairs occurs mainly in S+S pairs after the first close encounter (indicated by interaction signs) because the HI gas is compressed into star-forming molecular gas by the tidal torque; and (2) this effect is much weakened in the S+E pairs.

scholarly journals The origin of dust in galaxies across cosmic time

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (2) ◽  
pp. 2490-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian P Triani ◽  
Manodeep Sinha ◽  
Darren J Croton ◽  
Camilla Pacifici ◽  
Eli Dwek
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dust Mass

ABSTRACT We study the dust evolution in galaxies by implementing a detailed dust prescription in the SAGE semi-analytical model (SAM) for galaxy formation. The new model, called Dusty SAGE, follows the condensation of dust in the ejecta of Type II supernovae and asymptotic giant branch stars, grain growth in the dense molecular clouds, destruction by supernovae shocks, and the removal of dust from the interstellar medium (ISM) by star formation, reheating, inflows, and outflows. Our model successfully reproduces the observed dust mass function at redshift z = 0 and the observed scaling relations for dust across a wide range of redshifts. We find that the dust mass content in the present Universe is mainly produced via grain growth in the ISM. By contrast, in the early Universe, the primary production mechanism for dust is the condensation in stellar ejecta. The shift of the significant production channel for dust characterizes the scaling relations of dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios. In galaxies where the grain growth dominates, we find positive correlations for DTG and DTM ratios with both metallicity and stellar mass. On the other hand, in galaxies where dust is produced primarily via condensation, we find negative or no correlation for DTM and DTG ratios with either metallicity or stellar mass. In agreement with observation showing that the circumgalactic medium contains more dust than the ISM, our model also shows the same trend for z &lt; 4. Our SAM is publicly available at https://github.com/dptriani/dusty-sage.

scholarly journals From massive spirals to dwarf irregulars: a new set of tight scaling relations for cold gas and stars driven by disc gravitational instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (4) ◽  
pp. 4843-4851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro B Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Mass Content ◽  
Atomic Gas

ABSTRACT We present a new set of galaxy scaling relations for the relative mass content of atomic gas, molecular gas, and stars. Such relations are driven by disc gravitational instability, and originate from the low galaxy-to-galaxy variance of Toomre’s Q stability parameter. We test such relations using more than 100 galaxies, from massive spirals to dwarf irregulars, thus spanning several orders of magnitude in stellar mass ($M_{\star }\approx 10^{6\rm {-}11}\, \mbox{M}_{\odot }$) and atomic gas mass ($M_{\rm{H\, \small {I}}}\approx 10^{7\rm {-}10.5}\, \mbox{M}_{\odot }$). Such tests demonstrate (i) that our scaling relations are physically motivated and tightly constrained, (ii) that the mass-averaged gravitational instability properties of galaxy discs are remarkably uniform across the sequence Sa–dIrr, and (iii) that specific angular momentum plays an important role in such a scenario. Besides providing new insights into a very important topic in galaxy evolution, this work provides a simple formula (equation 5) that one can use for generating other galaxy relations driven by disc instability. We explain how to do that, mention a few possible applications, and stress the importance of testing our approach further.

scholarly journals The ISM of Low Metallicity Galaxies: The Herschel view

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S292) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Madden ◽  
Aurélie Rémy ◽  
Frédéric Galliano ◽  
Maud Galametz ◽  
George Bendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
Fine Structure Lines

AbstractThe wide variety of low metallicity galaxies of the local universe serve as convenient laboratories to study the evolution of gas and dust and conditions for star formation in environments which may resemble those of the early universe. The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey is studying the far infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (submm) properties of the gas and dust in galaxies with metallicity values as low as 1/45 that of solar. With complementary Spitzer, Laboca/APEX, Scuba/JCMT data, the dust spectral energy distributions are well constrained now, providing more accurate dust masses. We find a steep drop in dust-to-gas mass ratio (D/G) when the metallicity is below 12+log(O/H) ∼ 8. A submillimeter excess can be found in some low metallicity galaxies, which, when present, becomes apparent at wavelengths at or longer than 500 μm. While CO is difficult to observe in low metallicity gas, the FIR fine structure lines, on the other hand, are very luminous and highlight a potentially important reservoir of CO-free molecular gas, better traced by the 158 μm [CII] line.

scholarly journals Nonparametric galaxy morphology from UV to submm wavelengths

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. A119
Author(s):  
Maarten Baes ◽  
Angelos Nersesian ◽  
Viviana Casasola ◽  
Simone Bianchi ◽  
Letizia P. Cassarà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Dust ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Smooth Component ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Galaxy Morphology

We present the first nonparametric morphological analysis of a set of spiral galaxies from UV to submillimeter (submm) wavelengths. Our study is based on high-quality multi-wavelength imaging for nine well-resolved spiral galaxies from the DustPedia database, combined with nonparametric morphology indicators calculated in a consistent way using the StatMorph package. We measure the half-light radius, the concentration index, the asymmetry index, the smoothness index, the Gini coefficient, and the M20 indicator in various wavebands from UV to submm wavelengths, and in stellar mass, dust mass, and star formation rate maps. We find that the interstellar dust in galaxies is distributed in a more extended, less centrally concentrated, more asymmetric, and more clumpy way than the stars are. This is particularly evident when comparing morphological indicators based on the stellar mass and dust mass maps. This should serve as a warning sign against treating the dust in galaxies as a simple smooth component. We argue that the nonparametric galaxy morphology of galaxies from UV to submm wavelengths is an interesting test for cosmological hydrodynamics simulations.

scholarly journals xGASS: total cold gas scaling relations and molecular-to-atomic gas ratios of galaxies in the local Universe

2018 ◽  
Vol 476 (1) ◽  
pp. 875-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Catinella ◽  
Amélie Saintonge ◽  
Steven Janowiecki ◽  
Luca Cortese ◽  
Romeel Davé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Atomic Gas ◽  
Cold Gas

Probing the building blocks of galaxies: Sub-galactic scaling relations between X-ray luminosity, SFR and stellar mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S341) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
K. Kouroumpatzakis ◽  
A. Zezas ◽  
P. H. Sell ◽  
P. Bonfini ◽  
M. L. N. Ashby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Star Formation Activity ◽  
X Ray Binaries

AbstractIt is well known that X-ray luminosity (Lx) originating from high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) is tightly correlated with the host galaxy’s star formation rate (SFR). We explore this connection using a sample representative of the star-formation activity in the local Universe (Star-Formation Reference Survey; SFRS) along with a comprehensive set of star-formation (radio, FIR, 24μm, 8 μm, Hα, UV, SED fitting) and stellar mass (K-band, 3.6 μm, SED fitting) indicators, and Chandra observations. We investigate the Lx–SFR and Lx– stellar mass (M*) scaling relations down to sub-galactic scales of ∼lkpc2. This way we extend these relations to extremely low SFR (∼10−6M⊙.yr−1) and M* (∼104M⊙). We also quantify their scatter and their dependence on the age of the local stellar populations as inferred from the different age sensitive SFR indicators. These results are particularly important for setting the benchmark for the formation of X-ray binaries in vigorous, but low SFR objects such as galaxies in the early Universe.

scholarly journals Evolution of the anti-truncated stellar profiles of S0 galaxies since z = 0.6 in the SHARDS survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. A26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Borlaff ◽  
M. Carmen Eliche-Moral ◽  
John E. Beckman ◽  
Alexandre Vazdekis ◽  
Alejandro Lumbreras-Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Rest Frame ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Lenticular Galaxies ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
S0 Galaxies ◽  
Stable Formation

Context. Anti-truncated lenticular galaxies (Type-III S0s) present tight scaling relations between their surface brightness photometric and structural parameters. Although several evolutionary models have been proposed for the formation of these structures, the observations of Type-III S0 galaxies are usually limited to the local Universe. Aims. We aim to compare the properties of Type-III discs in a sample of S0 galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.6 with those of the local Universe. In this paper, we study the evolution of the photometric and structural scaling relations measured in the rest-frame R-band with z and the possible differences between the rest-frame (B − R) colours of the inner and outer disc profiles. Methods. We make use of a sample of 14 Type-III E/S0–S0 galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.6 from the GOODS-N field identified and characterised in a previous paper. We study whether or not the correlations found in local Type-III S0 galaxies were present ~6 Gyr ago. We analyse the distribution of the surface brightness characteristic parameters (Rbreak, μbreak, hi, ho, μ0,i and μ0,o) as a function of the stellar mass and look to see if there is a significant change with z. We also derive their rest-frame (B − R) colour profiles. Finally, we compare these results with the predictions from a grid of SSP models. Results. We find that the inner and outer scale-lengths of Type-III S0 galaxies at 0.4 < z < 0.6 follow compatible trends and scaling relations with those observed in local S0 galaxies as a function of the break radius, Rbreak. We do not detect any significant differences between the location of Rbreak between z ~ 0.6 and z ~ 0 for a fixed stellar mass of the object, whereas the surface brightness at the break radius μbreak is ~1.5 mag arcsec-2 dimmer in the local Universe than at z ~ 0.6 for a fixed stellar mass. We find no significant differences in the (B − R) colour between the inner and outer profiles of the Type-III S0 galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.6. Conclusions. In contrast to Type-II (down-bending) profiles, the anti-truncated surface brightness profiles of S0 galaxies present compatible Rbreak values and scaling relations during the last 6 Gyr. This result and the similarity of the colours of the inner and outer discs point to a highly scalable and stable formation process, probably more related to gravitational and dynamical processes than to the evolution of stellar populations.

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