Competition between corn (Zea mays) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in relation to the crop plant arrangement

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Néstor Fernández ◽  
Osvaldo Ramón Vignolio ◽  
Eduardo Casimiro Requesens
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Plant Arrangement

scholarly journals Testing the ability of Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) Isopoda Crustaceans to decompose and consume cellulosean wastes in different ecosystems

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Biological Approach ◽  
Plant Waste

The present study was undertaken to use individual terrestrial crustacean from Isopoda such as the species Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) as environmental cleaner and that through the test of their abilities in decomposition of residues of some cellulosean wastes such as wood pieces which contain high ratio of urban wastes, and residue of Zea mays and particularly leaves as plant waste in agricultural fields and residue of Cynodon dactylon plants which compose the main wastes in most of gardens and parks. Experiments were conducted relatively in stable laboratory conditions to ensure environmental conditions similar to crustaceans' life. The results showed presence of good efficiency of these individuals in treating such wastes as they consumed 89% of wood pieces and 59% of Zea mays leaves and 27% of residue of Cynodon dactylon plants during the period of treatment. The average of each crustacean individual to consume was 0.74, 0.49 and 0.22 gram from the material mentioned respectively. So, it is recommend to conduct further experiments on different models of agricultural and civil wastes by using different species of these organisms to carry out such studies with a broad spectrum in future to treat the wastes and pollutants of environment by biological approach.

FALL ARMYWORM:1 EXPRESSIONS OF ANTIBIOSIS IN SELECTED GRASSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Chang ◽  
B. R. Wiseman ◽  
R. E. Lynch ◽  
D. H. Habeck
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Pinto Bean

Selected grasses, ‘Coastal,’ ‘Tifton 10,’ and ‘Tifton 292’ bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., ‘common centipedegrass,’ Eremochola ophiuroides (Munro) Hack, zoysiagrass, Zoysia sp., and corn, Zea mays L., were evaluated in the laboratory as hosts for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in forced-feeding tests to delineate more clearly the expressions of antibiosis. Data were recorded at 5, 7, and 9 days on weights of larvae, days to pupation, weights of pupae, pupal duration and survival on the various host grasses. Corn was the most suitable host for development of fall armyworm larvae, followed by Tifton 10 and Coastal bermudagrass. Larval development was slower on common centipedegrass than on Coastal bermudagrass. Tifton 292 bermudagrass and zoysiagrass were unsuitable hosts because of nonpreference and antibiosis. Wing pad deformities in pupae and/or serious lessions in adult wings were observed when resistant grasses (e.g., centipedegrass and Tifton 292 bermudagrass) were incorporated into pinto bean diet and fed to fall armyworm larvae.

scholarly journals Desempenho e tamanho de vísceras de cordeiros Santa Inês após ganho compensatório

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Romano de Vasconcelos e Almeida ◽  
Juan Ramon Olalquiaga Perez ◽  
Mônica Chlad ◽  
Patrícia Maria de França ◽  
Rafael Fernandes Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Santa Inês

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento, o desempenho e o tamanho das vísceras de cordeiros Santa Inês após ganho compensatório. Foram utilizados 22 animais de duas faixas de peso vivo inicial, leves (33,5 kg) e pesados (56,8 kg), distribuídos em três regimes alimentares: controle, com consumo à vontade; restrição alimentar, com consumo para manutenção do peso vivo; e crescimento compensatório, com restrição alimentar e posterior consumo à vontade até peso vivo semelhante ao dos animais controle, quando foram abatidos. As dietas experimentais, constituídas de feno de capim Coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon) moído e concentrado composto de farelo de soja (Glicine max L.), milho (Zea mays L.), polpa cítrica, ureia pecuária e suplemento mineral e vitamínico, atenderam às necessidades nutricionais para os diferentes objetivos. Os animais em restrição alimentar apresentaram os piores resultados de peso vivo final, consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e peso relativo do fígado, enquanto, naqueles em crescimento compensatório, o peso vivo final, a conversão alimentar e o peso de fígado foram semelhantes aos dos animais em crescimento contínuo. O consumo entre os animais pesados em crescimento contínuo foi superior ao daqueles mantidos nos demais regimes alimentares. No grupo de animais leves em crescimento compensatório, o ganho de peso foi maior que naqueles em crescimento contínuo e, nesses dois grupos, foi superior ao dos animais em restrição alimentar. Os animais pesados, no entanto, apresentaram ganho de peso vivo semelhante ao dos animais controle. Cordeiros podem apresentar crescimento compensatório, que depende do grau de maturidade dos animais.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la calidad de suelos en agroecosistemas de Colombia a través de la selección de un conjunto mínimo de datos

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Eugenia Vallejo Quintero ◽  
Laura Natali Afanador-Barajas ◽  
Dainer Andrés Coca Peña ◽  
Andrés Felipe Vargas Giraldo ◽  
María Fernanda Bautista Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de suelos mediante índices de calidad constituidos por tres conjuntos mínimos de datos (tres, cinco y seis indicadores), en cinco agroecosistemas con cultivo de café (Coffea arabica) orgánico, guatila o chayote (Sechium edule), policultivo (Anthurium andraeanum, Manihot esculenta, Musa balbisiana o Zea mays), pastizal convencional (Pennisetum clandestinum y Cynodon dactylon) y Guaduales (Guadua angustifolia), en el municipio de Cachipay (Cundinamarca). Durante el muestreo se seleccionaron aleatoriamente dos áreas representativas para cada agroecosistema y se delimitaron dos cuadrantes (2.5 × 2.5 m) de los que se tomaron dos muestras compuestas de suelo (20 submuestras; profundidad de 0-15 cm). Se evidenció que independiente del conjunto mínimo de datos empleado, los menores índices de calidad de suelos lo presentaron el pastizal convencional y el cultivo de guatila. Los valores mayores del índice de calidad correspondieron al policultivo, guaduales y cultivo de café. Se concluye que el uso de variables como la densidad aparente, el índice de estabilidad, el pH, la actividad deshidrogenasa, el recuento de heterótrofos y las bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato son indicadores relevantes que permiten evaluar adecuadamente la calidad edáfica en agroecosistemas.

Multichemical Granules Formulated with Gum Xanthan, Loess, and Tung Oil

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Granular Matrix

Multiherbicide granules were formulated containing 1.3% fluazifop {(±)-butyl 2-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate} (w/w) in polymerized tung oil overlaid on a granular matrix of gum xanthan-loess containing 2.7% linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] or oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide). Under greenhouse conditions the granules were as effective in selective control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯3ABUTH), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory ♯ SEBEX], corn (Zea maysL. ♯ ZEAMX), and red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] as when the herbicides were sprayed separately. When applied preemergence at 0.56 to 0.14 kg ai/ha, tung oil-encapsulated fluazifop on loess granules killed 100% of stolon bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ♯ CYNDA] and was as effective as sprayed fluazifop.

Distortion of guineacorn (Sorghum vulgare) caused by a mealybug, Heterococcus nigeriensis Williams, in Northern Nigeria.

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Harris
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
White Tissue ◽  
Whole Plants

Distortion, a severe stunting and deformation of plants of guineacorn (Sorghum vulgare) in Northern Nigeria, has been shown to be caused by Heterococcus nigeriensis Williams feeding on the plants.The symptoms are striking; affected stems are much shorter and wider than normal and leaves are mis-shapen, with irregularly divergent veins and white tissue between the veins. Symptoms in the field vary from small patches of distortion on other normal plants to whole plants affected. The abnormal leaves of a plant with severe distortion are crumpled and remain rolled together. Growth of the plants virtually ceases if the mealybug infestation continues but, in the absence of mealybugs, affected plants recover and produce normal leaves.Distortion has been found in the field, commonly on Sorghum vulgare, Zea mays and Cynodon dactylon, and once only on Pennisetum typhoides and Chloris pycnothrix, respectively, and has been produced experimentally on Z. mays, C. dactylon, P. typhoides, Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa and Digitaria exilis by transferring mealybugs from affected guineacorn.

scholarly journals MÉTODO DE OBTENÇÃO DE MATÉRIA SECA E COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DE VOLUMOSOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
Cloves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Janaina Prieto de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do método de secagem sobre a composição nutricional de diferentes volumosos. Foram utilizadas quatro gramíneas (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa brizantha cv. MG4, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coastcross e Panicum maximum cv. Áries), uma leguminosa forrageira, o estilosante (Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande) e duas silagens (Zea mays e Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Umbu). Os métodos de secagem se basearam no uso da estufa de ventilação forçada e de forno de micro-ondas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi um arranjo fatorial 2 x 8 (2 métodos de secagem e 8 volumosos) com 4 repetições. O método de secagem não influenciou o conteúdo de matéria seca das forragens. A secagem em forno micro-ondas elevou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro nos volumosos avaliados. Houve interação entre o método de secagem e tipo de forragem avaliada, com relação à proteína bruta (estilosante), extrato etéreo (MG4, estilosante e Áries) e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (Coastcross, MG4, Marandu e estilosante). O forno de micro-ondas pode ser utilizado como instrumento para obtenção da matéria seca em alimentos volumosos, porém, a técnica pode afetar a composição da forragem avaliada.

An increase in nitrogen content of Setaria italica and Zea mays inoculated with Azospirillum

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Nur ◽  
Yaacov Okon ◽  
Yigal Henis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Bacteria belonging to the genus Azospirillum isolated from Cynodon dactylon roots in Israel were compared with Azospirillum brasilense from Brazil and California for their ability to fix nitrogen in association with grasses under greenhouse conditions. The plants were grown in a system which avoided cross inoculation from the inoculated soil to the control, while maintaining the natural soil microflora and humidity level in the soil close to field capacity. The organisms tested significantly increased the dry weight of Zea mays and Setaria italica leaves, the total nitrogen content of these leaves (as measured by the Kjeldahl method), and supported acetylene reduction in intact nonsterile systems as compared with the noninoculated controls. Ethylene production in intact systems could be detected after 6 h and was linear for 72 h, providing a constant soil temperature (28–32 °C) was maintained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document