A Novel Biological Approach to Copper Nanoparticles Synthesis: Characterization and its Application Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

In nanotechnology, fungi have been identified as excellent candidates for the synthesis of nanoparticles, thus presenting a cleaner alternative to produce new materials with a wide range of potential applications in biomedicine and industry. In this respect, A novel biological approach Penicillium olsonii have demonstrated excellent synthesis capacity to produce copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Their properties were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. UV-Vis spectra with characteristic absorption peak was observed at 565nm. Biomolecules mediating the synthesis and stabilizing the nanobactericides was studied with FTIR that showed different functional groups. SEM investigations confirmed that size of CuNPs were varied from 6-26 nm. The antifungal activity of CuNPs was evaluated by testing against three phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Curvularia curvulatat with growth inhibition 86.25, 32.92 and 68.42%, respectively at 200ppm. F. oxysporum was more affected by CuNPs followed by C. curvulata and F. solani. The present work demonstrated that it is possible to perform the biogenic synthesis of CuNPs using P. olsonii as appropriate fungicide.

Biologycal aspect of Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli) (Ruppell,1830) caugth in Bali and Madura Straits, and Southern waters of East Java, Indonesia

The way to determine whether the Indian scad (D. russelli) comes from the same stock or not, is using estimation morphology and biology. The kinship of D. russelli in the three waters is not too close, and it has a very distant kinship with D. macarellus and D. kurroides. D. russelli and D. macrosoma in Bali Strait and South Java is close. The results of the analysis show that two of five components of the characteristic morphometric factor of D. russelli in the three waters have a character differential percentage of 37.73% and similarity of 62.27%. The growth rate obtained (L∞) from Bali Strait is 26,16 cm FL, the growth rate coefficient (K) is 0,63 per year, and (t0) is -0,20 years length maturity (Lm) male 13,9 cm FL and female 16,1 FL. The type of foods that is found are 12 phylums. The growth rate obtained (L∞) from Southern Waters of East Java of 28,28 cm FL, the growth rate coefficient (K) is 0,83 per year, and (t0) is -0,18 year, length maturity (Lm) male 15,3 cm FL female 16,7 cm FL. Type of foods that is found are 6 phylums. The growth rate obtained in Madura strait has an asymptotic length (Loo) 24,63 cm FL ; K 0,63 per year and t0 -0,27 year. Indian scad is a carnivore with the main food is Zooplankton (61%). using the morphological and biological approach, it is found that the D. russelli caught in the three waters come from a different stock.

A Psycho-Biological Approach to Suspense and Horror: Triggers of Emotion in a Passage from Lewis's The Monk

In this article on a passage from Matthew Lewis's The Monk (1796), Peter Wenzel shows how to analyse powerful literary horror texts with a »psycho-biological approach«. Drawing on evolution-based embodied patterns, Lewis's text displays the affect programme of a typical predator-prey confrontation, including the sensation of coldness, bristling hair, body shaking, reduced respiration, and a prey animal's final shock paralysis in view of its predator. Conceptual metaphors and a spell-like poem increase the programme's effect. Concluding with empirical evidence from responses to the text, the article discusses the question to what degree embodied suspense patterns are open to cultural modification.

Understanding the Gender Gap in Sports through a socio-environmental lens.

The issue of low levels of women’s participation in the sports has always been a key global issue. The discipline of sport psychology allows for a psychological interpretation of reasons to why this is the unfortunate case. The main focus in sport psychology lies upon the concepts of gender stereotyping. This research paper will explore the socio-environmental approach: through gender schema and parental involvement; and the biological approach: through the understanding of various concepts regarding hormones and evolution. Both these approaches help explain why this difference of participation levels exist between the two biological genders.