scholarly journals Effect of monopalmitic content and temperature on precipitation rate in biodiesel-petroleum diesel blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indy Prasetya Girry ◽  
Imam Paryanto ◽  
Tirto Prakoso ◽  
Misri Gozan
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Precipitation Rate ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Type

The need for cleaner fuel increases alongside the necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel is considered as one of best options for cleaner energy. However, it has disadvantages due to lower stability, lesser cold flow properties (CFP), and higher viscosity, which are mainly caused by fatty acid type and content. These works investigate CFP of various biodiesel blends B20 & B30, with the objective on how the monopalmytic as one of the saturated monoglycerides (SMG) content and Temperatures affect the precipitation rate. A set of 100ml separatory funnels containing various samples were put in refrigerators in controlled-temperature, i.e.15°C; 20°C; and room temperature. The rate of precipitation was observed every day for 2 weeks using 0.8μm membrane filter. Results indicated precipitation rate of B30 was higher than that of B20. As it was expected, the precipitate was taken at the same temperature, 20°C, resulting in B30 had more precipitate in the end (37.6 mg) compared to B20 (22.2 mg). The closer to cloud point also indicates the higher rate of precipitation as 4th day B20 at 15°C (25.4 mg) compared 4th day B20 at 20°C (19.3 mg). The change of crystal from less stable α-phase to more stable, less soluble β-phase is also proven to significantly affect the rate of precipitation.

Mechanical Alloying Behavior in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kumar ◽  
S. K. Mannan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystalline Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

ABSTRACTThe mechanical alloying behavior of elemental powders in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si systems was examined via X-ray diffraction. The line compounds NbSi2 and TaSi2 form as crystalline compounds rather than amorphous products, but Nb5Si3 and Ta5Si3, although chemically analogous, respond very differently to mechanical milling. The Ta5Si3 composition goes directly from elemental powders to an amorphous product, whereas Nb5Si3 forms as a crystalline compound. The Nb5Si3 compound consists of both the tetragonal room-temperature α phase (c/a = 1.8) and the tetragonal high-temperature β phase (c/a = 0.5). Substituting increasing amounts of Ta for Nb in Nb5Si3 initially stabilizes the α-Nb5Si3 structure preferentially, and subsequently inhibits the formation of a crystalline compound.

scholarly journals Effect of Pour Point Depressants Combined with Dispersants on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel‐Diesel Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Baoting Su ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Jincan Yan ◽  
Zhenbiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Pour Point Depressants

Winterization of peanut biodiesel to improve the cold flow properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (19) ◽  
pp. 7375-7381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Pérez ◽  
Abraham Casas ◽  
Carmen María Fernández ◽  
María Jesús Ramos ◽  
Lourdes Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

scholarly journals X-Ray Investigations of the Low-Temperature Phases of the Organic Metals α- and β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Endres ◽  
H. J. Keller ◽  
R. Swietlik ◽  
D. Schweitzer ◽  
K. Angermund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unit Cell Volume ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Metals ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

The structure of single crystals of the organic metals α- and β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3* was determined at 100 K, well below the phase transitions indicated by resistivity and thermopower measurements as well as by differential thermal analysis. In the α-phase no unusual change of the room temperature unit cell but a slight variation in the triiodide network and especially a more pronounced dimerization in one of the two donor stacks have been found. The β-phase develops a superstructure with a unit cell volume three times as large as that at room temperature and with pronounced distortions of the I3--ions.

Formate Esters Containing Biodiesel - Diesel Mixed Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Anastasija Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Residue ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel (FAME) containing formate esters of glycerol and 93.0 wt.% fatty acid methyl esters, obtained in an interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification, and winter diesel fuel, were prepared, analyzed and compared with winter diesel fuel. The obtained results showed that blends comprising up to 20 vol.% of FAME fulfill the requirements of the standard LVS EN 590 concerning such characteristics as cold flow properties, viscosity, density, and carbon residue. The increase of FAME content worsens the cold flow properties; however, the mixed fuel with 20 vol.% or lower FAME content, according to the cloud point and cold filter plugging point values, remains in the same severe climate "Class 0" group as winter fuel. The carbon residue of mixed fuels raises with increasing FAME content, but stay low and do not exceed the limits of standard for mixtures with FAME percentage up to 20 vol.%. The comparison of mixed fuels containing 20 vol.% of FAME and the same amount of neat biodiesel (99.6 wt.% of fatty acid methyl esters) shows that the difference is negligible. The obtained results have indicated a good potential of FAME obtained in the interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification as a diesel fuel additive for up to 20 vol.%.

Effect of methacrylate-methacrylamide copolymers with various polar pendants on the cold flow properties of diesel fuels

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 123112
Author(s):  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Taishun Yang ◽  
Hualin Lin ◽  
Shiyou Zheng ◽  
Sheng Han
Keyword(s):  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Cold Flow Properties
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