Complex processing of titanium-rare metal raw material

The paper is devoted to investigation of the complex processing of titanium-rare metal raw materials with ammonium hydrodifluoride. It is stated that fluorination of the main components of the mineral raw materials with ammonium hydrodifluoride proceeds with formation of complex ammonium fluorometallates and simple fluorides. It is showed that in the process of aqueous leaching of the fluorinated mineral raw material niobium and tantalum completely pass into solution together with titanium, iron, and silicon fluoroammonium salts while all the rare-earth elements stay in the insoluble residue as complex fluorosodium salts together with CaF2. The method of separation of the fluoroammonium salts with obtaining marketable products and isolation of the rare-earth elements from the insoluble residue is offered.

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Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Phospho-Gypsum: Concentrate Digestion, Leaching, and Purification

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10010131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lisa Brückner ◽

Tobias Elwert ◽

Thomas Schirmer

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Leach Solution ◽

Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽

Production Plant ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Process Route ◽

Cooperative Project ◽

The Rare Earth

Rare earth-bearing gypsum tailings from the fertilizer industry are a potential source for an economically viable and sustainable production of rare earth elements. Large quantities are generated inter alia in Catalão, Brazil, as a by-product in a fertilizer production plant. Hitherto, the gypsum has been used as soil conditioner in agriculture or was dumped. The cooperative project, “Catalão Monazite: Economical exploitation of rare earth elements from monazite-bearing secondary raw materials,” intends to extract rare earth elements from these gypsum tailings. In this paper, a chemical process route to obtain a mixed rare earth carbonate from a monazite concentrate, was investigated. The results of the digestion, leaching, and precipitation experiments are presented and discussed herein. This includes reagent choice, process parameter optimization through experimental design, mineralogical characterization of the feed material and residues, purification of the leach solution, and precipitation of the rare earth as carbonates. The results showed that a rare earth extraction of about 90% without the mobilization of key impurities is possible during a sulfuric acid digestion with two heating stages and subsequent leaching with water. In the following purification step, the remaining impurities were precipitated with ammonium solution and the rare earth elements were successfully recovered as carbonates with a mixture of ammonium solution and ammonium bicarbonate.

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Controls on the Concentration of Zirconium, Niobium, and the Rare Earth Elements in the Thor Lake Rare Metal Deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada

Economic Geology ◽

10.2113/econgeo.107.1.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 107 (1) ◽

pp. 81-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

E. R. Sheard ◽

A. E. Williams-Jones ◽

M. Heiligmann ◽

C. Pederson ◽

D. L. Trueman

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Northwest Territories ◽

Rare Metal ◽

Metal Deposit ◽

Rare Metal Deposit ◽

The Rare Earth

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Prospects for discovery of industrial concentrations of rare and rare-earth elements in the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy uranium-ore area of Ingulskiy megablock of the Ukrainian shield

Мінеральні ресурси України ◽

10.31996/mru.2019.3.3-10 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. Kalashnyk

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

General Pattern ◽

Rare Metal ◽

Uranium Mineralization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ukrainian Shield ◽

Material Base ◽

Uranium Ore ◽

Rare Metal Mineralization

The article presents the results of the assessment of the prospects for discovery of industrial concentrations of rare and rare-earth elements in the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy uranium-ore area of Ingulskiy megablock of the Ukrainian Shield. General pattern in the distribution of industrial objects of rare-metal and uranium mineralization in the Ingulskiy megablock of the Ukrainian Shield, caused by similar deep-seated factors of ore formation, are revealed. The complex of regional and criteria of uranium mineralization of a rare-earth-thorium-uranium formation in silicon-potassium metasomatites of the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy ore region is substantiated: geological-structural, mineralogical-geochemical, hydrogeological. There were presented characteristic local features of manifestations of rare-metal mineralization in this region. Based on the results of the analysis of geological and geophysical materials, it was possible to identify new uranium and complex uranium rare-metal deposits with higher mineralization parameters in optimal geological and structural conditions in the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy uranium ore region. There has been established the possibility of identifying within the limits of known uranium ore fields, manifestations of uranium mineralization of the rank such as deposit, ore occurrence of this uranium ore region of industrial concentrations of rare and rare-earth elements. The possibility of increasing the value of known deposits and ore occurrences of uranium of the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy uranium ore region due to the complexity of ore use is substantiated. According to the degree of manifestation of the complex of criteria, prospective ore and potentially ore zones are discovered for possible detection of industrial concentrations of rare metals and rare-earth elements within the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy ore region. There were developed recommendations for further research in the Alekseevsko-Lysogorskiy uranium ore region with the aim of improving the quality of the raw material base of rare and rare-earth elements.

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Prospects of the Tymoshivsko-Znamianskyi potential rare-metal ore area of Inhulskyi megablock of the Ukrainian Shield

Мінеральні ресурси України ◽

10.31996/mru.2020.2.3-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

G. A. Kalashnyk

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Structural Control ◽

Great Part ◽

Rare Metal ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ukrainian Shield ◽

Material Base ◽

Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽

Genetic Types

The article presents the results of the assessment of the prospects for discovery of industrial concentrations of rare and rare-earth elements in the Tymoshivsko-Znamianskyi potential rare-metal ore area of Inhulskyi megablock of the Ukrainian Shield. The results of studies of regularities of raremetalmineralization’s placement in Tymoshivsko-Znamianskyi potential ore region of the Inhulskyi megablock of the Ukrainian Shield are presented. The structural control of the great part of the detected geochemical anomalies, geochemical halos, manifestations and ore manifestations by certain systems of rupture faults and their intersection nodes is determined. The typical local features of manifestations of rare metal mineralization in small uranium deposits and large ore manifestations of this region and uranium mineralization of different genetic types, in particular hydrothermal mineralization of vein-stockwork type in mineralized fault zones are presented. According to the degree of manifestation of the complex of criteria, prospective ore and potentially ore nodes are discovered for possible detection of industrial concentrations of rare metals and rare-earth elements within the Tymoshivsko- Znamianskyi potential ore region, as well as uranium ores of various genetic types, in particular superimposed rich hydrothermal mineralization of vein-stockwork type. There were developed recommendations for further research in the Tymoshivsko-Znamianskyi potential ore region with the aim of farther development of rare and rare-earth elements raw material base.

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The potency of rare earth elements and yttrium in Konawe coal ashes, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 882 (1) ◽

pp. 012037

Author(s):

Maidatul Farqhi ◽

Dea Anisa Ayu Besari ◽

Ferian Anggara ◽

Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Major Elements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Technology Applications ◽

Potential Resource ◽

The Individual ◽

Promising Source

Abstract Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), which not utilized is considered waste, has been regarded as the promising source of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY). REY has been recognized as critical raw materials to several modern high-technology applications. This research aims to identify the potential resource of REY in FABA, by investigating FABA samples from two different coal-fired power plant (KNW-1 and KNW-2) in Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The geochemical compositions of coal and FABA include major elements and REY determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The major elements in coal and FABA samples showed the highest concentration in SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO. The individual REY contents in FABA from KNW-1 are about 17-21 times higher than in coal samples while FABA from KNW-2 are about 57-73 times higher than in coal. The total REY concentration in FABA KNW-1 ranged from 227.34-276.41 ppm while the concentration in FABA KNW-2 ranged from 278.49-356.45 ppm. The total REO content of KNW-1 FABA samples ranged from 274.08-333.45 ppm. These values are lower than the REO content of the KNW-2 FABA (335.67-429.80 ppm). The percentage critical REY (30% ≤ REYdef ≤ 51%) and coefficient outlook (0.7 ≤ Cou tl ≤ 1.9%), showed all FABA samples are potential for promising raw material REY.

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The Market For The "Not-So-Rare" Rare Earth Elements

Journal of International Energy Policy (JIEP) ◽

10.19030/jiep.v1i1.7013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joseph A. Giacalone

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rare Earth Metals ◽

High Technology ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Technology Products ◽

Development Costs ◽

The Rare Earth

This paper examines the market for the Rare earth elements. These are comprised of 17 elements of the periodic table which include 15 elements from the group known as lanthanides and two additional elements known as scandium and yttrium. The metals are often found combined together in ores and must be separated into its individual elements. The fact is that rare earth metals are not rare in terms of the quantity present in the earths crust. However, the metals are less concentrated than other more common metals and the extraction and separation processes necessitate high research and development costs and large capital outlays.The various applications of rare earth elements can be broadly classified into four major categories, namely: High Technology Consumer Products, Environmentally Friendly Products, Industrial and Medical Devices, and National Defense Systems. The demand for such high technology products is rapidly increasing causing a simultaneous upsurge in the demand for rare earth metals as well.On the supply side, China dominates the production rare earth elements, mining approximately 97% of total world production. Consequently, most countries must rely on imports of these REEs to facilitate production of the various systems and products that are dependent on the rare earth metals as raw materials. This near-monopoly imposes several supply-chain risks on the importing nations which are exploring ways to mitigate the potential economic harm associated with these risks.

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Specific Aspects in Assessing Economic Feasibility of Rare Earth Mining

WORLD OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT ◽

10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-4-138-152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 138-152

Author(s):

V. Yatsenko

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Sources ◽

Wide Range

An important up-to-date feature of the resources sector development is a rapid change of types and raw material sources as well as a wide range of conditions in which the processes of mineral resources development take place. The sources of rare earth elements are not an exception because the innovative nature of their development implies the use of new knowledge, technologies and approaches. Moreover, from an economic perspective, like any investment projects, such sources of raw materials require feasibility assessment and their investment effectiveness. Based on the above, the article analyzes an economic assessment of the development of new source of rare earth elements by the example of the Burann area of the Tomtor deposit in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

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