scholarly journals The modelling of power plant’s evaporative cooling tower operation taking into account hydrometeorological conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00081
Author(s):  
Alexander Solovyev ◽  
Dmitriy Solovyev ◽  
Liubov Shilova ◽  
Aleksey Adamtsevich
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Turbulent Vortex ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Evaporative Cooling Tower ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

The paper aims to perform numerical modelling of the operation of large-scale evaporative cooling towers of power plants considering dynamically changing hydrometeorological conditions. The proposed modelling was performed based on the developed mathematical algorithm for studying the influence of turbulent vortex motions on the processes of atmospheric cooling of circulating water in countercurrent cooling towers of power plants. According to the simulation results, the optimal heat exchange modes of cooling towers operation are determined and recommendations for the practical implementation of measures to improve their thermal efficiency in hot periods of the year are proposed.

Characteristics of effective industrial packings for evaporative cooling of circulating water in cooling towers

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 402-405
Author(s):  
A. M. Kagan ◽  
A. S. Pushnov ◽  
M. G. Berengarten ◽  
A. S. Ryabushenko ◽  
V. I. Shishov
Keyword(s):  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Circulating Water

Use of Twisted Air Flows to Increase the Thermal Efficiency of a Chimney-Type Evaporative Cooling Towers of Steam and Atomic Power Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
A. V. Vlasov ◽  
V. F. Davidenko ◽  
G. V. Dashkov ◽  
A. D. Solodukhin ◽  
N. N. Stolovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Air Flows ◽  
Atomic Power Plants

scholarly journals Mitigation of Ground Vibration due to Collapse of a Large-Scale Cooling Tower with Novel Application of Materials as Cushions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lin ◽  
Qiheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Vibration Mitigation ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Tube Assembly

Ground vibration induced by the collapse of large-scale cooling towers in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has recently been realized as a potential secondary disaster to adjacent nuclear-related facilities with demands for vibration mitigation. The previous concept to design cooling towers and nuclear-related facilities operating in a containment as isolated components in NPPs is inappropriate in a limited site which is the cases for inland NPPs in China. This paper presents a numerical study on the mitigation of ground vibration in a “cooling tower-soil-containment” system via a novel application of two materials acting as cushions underneath cooling towers, that is, foamed concrete and a “tube assembly.” Comprehensive “cooling tower-cushion-soil” models were built with reasonable cushion material models. Computational cases were performed to demonstrate the effect of vibration mitigation using seven earthquake waves. Results found that collapse-induced ground vibrations at a point with a distance of 300 m were reduced in average by 91%, 79%, and 92% in radial, tangential, and vertical directions when foamed concrete was used, and the vibrations at the same point were reduced by 53%, 32%, and 59% when the “tube assembly” was applied, respectively. Therefore, remarkable vibration mitigation was achieved in both cases to enhance the resilience of the “cooling tower-soil-containment” system against the secondary disaster.

Thermal Cycle Arrangements for Power Plants Employing Dry Cooling Towers

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Paul Leung ◽  
R. E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Dry Cooling ◽  
Plant Components ◽  
Regenerative Cycle ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The use of dry cooling towers with air as the cooling medium will become more prevalent in the not-too-distant future as water quantities available for consumption in evaporative cooling processes for steam-electric generating plants become limited. Special considerations for designing either fossil-fueled or nuclear-fueled plants are required due to significant differences in turbine exhaust pressures which result in sizable capability losses. Those design considerations affecting turbine thermal cycles for steam-electric generating plants employing dry cooling towers are discussed in this paper. Effects on major plant components, such as turbine exhaust end sizes, cycle parameters and steam conditions, and the extent of feedwater heating within the regenerative cycle are discussed. Plant siting constraint considerations and general economic appraisals of fossil-fueled and nuclear-fueled cycles are summarized.

The Role of Free-Living Amoebae Occurring in Heated Effluents as Causative Agents of Human Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Maurice A Shapiro ◽  
Meryl H Karol ◽  
Georg Keleti ◽  
Jan L Sykora ◽  
A J Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Causative Agents

It has been shown that several pathogenic organisms may be frequently found in thermal effluents and cooling systems of coal fired power plants. One of them is pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of an acute fatal human disease - primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). In our study two out of eight power plants investigated, harbored pathogenic N. fowleri in heated water or cooling towers. The occurrence of this organism was related to elevated temperatures. No significant correlation was found for other biological and chemical parameters. In addition, pathogenic Acanthamoeba which causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) was found in the tested heated effluents from coal fired power plants. Non-pathogenic strains of N. fowleri as well as other free-living and “harmless” amoebae were also very abundant in effluents from all investigated coal fired power plants and cooling towers. It has been reported that several species of nonpathogenic amoebae were isolated from humidifiers and air conditioning systems. Serological testing of symptomatic human subjects has indicated that these organisms may be one of the causative agents of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. An experimental study performed in our laboratory involved testing of guinea pigs sensitized by injection of axenic, non-pathogenic N. gruberi. Delayed onset skin reactivity was apparent in all animals injected with the antigen. Antibodies were detected in all sensitized animals. Bronchial provocation challenge employed to investigate pulmonary hypersensitivity was also used, and yielded positive results. All the sensitized animals displayed delayed onset respiratory responses. The results of this study indicate that not only pathogenic but also non-pathogenic free-living amoebae may be important causative agents of human disease. The occurrence of these organisms in cooling systems from coal fired power plants indicates that these facilities may be an important source of infection.

Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

scholarly journals Estimating CO2 Emissions from Large Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants Using OCO-2 Observations and Emission Inventories

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Yaqin Hu ◽  
Yusheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Bottom Up

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased rapidly worldwide, aggravating the global greenhouse effect, and coal-fired power plants are one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions in China. However, efficient methods that can quantify CO2 emissions from individual coal-fired power plants with high accuracy are needed. In this study, we estimated the CO2 emissions of large-scale coal-fired power plants using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data based on remote sensing inversions and bottom-up methods. First, we mapped the distribution of coal-fired power plants, displaying the total installed capacity, and identified two appropriate targets, the Waigaoqiao and Qinbei power plants in Shanghai and Henan, respectively. Then, an improved Gaussian plume model method was applied for CO2 emission estimations, with input parameters including the geographic coordinates of point sources, wind vectors from the atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, and OCO-2 observations. The application of the Gaussian model was improved by using wind data with higher temporal and spatial resolutions, employing the physically based unit conversion method, and interpolating OCO-2 observations into different resolutions. Consequently, CO2 emissions were estimated to be 23.06 ± 2.82 (95% CI) Mt/yr using the Gaussian model and 16.28 Mt/yr using the bottom-up method for the Waigaoqiao Power Plant, and 14.58 ± 3.37 (95% CI) and 14.08 Mt/yr for the Qinbei Power Plant, respectively. These estimates were compared with three standard databases for validation: the Carbon Monitoring for Action database, the China coal-fired Power Plant Emissions Database, and the Carbon Brief database. The comparison found that previous emission inventories spanning different time frames might have overestimated the CO2 emissions of one of two Chinese power plants on the two days that the measurements were made. Our study contributes to quantifying CO2 emissions from point sources and helps in advancing satellite-based monitoring techniques of emission sources in the future; this helps in reducing errors due to human intervention in bottom-up statistical methods.

scholarly journals On the Root Causes of the Fukushima Daiichi Disaster from the Perspective of High Complexity and Tight Coupling in Large-Scale Systems

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Atsuo Murata ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Loss Of Coolant ◽  
Station Blackout ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

This study explores the root causes of the Fukushima Daiichi disaster and discusses how the complexity and tight coupling in large-scale systems should be reduced under emergencies such as station blackout (SBO) to prevent future disasters. First, on the basis of a summary of the published literature on the Fukushima Daiichi disaster, we found that the direct causes (i.e., malfunctions and problems) included overlooking the loss of coolant and the nuclear reactor’s failure to cool down. Second, we verified that two characteristics proposed in “normal accident” theory—high complexity and tight coupling—underlay each of the direct causes. These two characteristics were found to have made emergency management more challenging. We discuss how such disasters in large-scale systems with high complexity and tight coupling could be prevented through an organizational and managerial approach that can remove asymmetry of authority and information and foster a climate of openly discussing critical safety issues in nuclear power plants.

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