Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Energy From Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Price ◽  
David Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. However, no new plants have been built during the past ten years because the cost of power from these plants is more expensive than power from conventional fossil fuel power plants. This paper reviews the current cost of energy and the potential for reducing the cost of energy from parabolic trough solar power plant technology based on the latest technological advancements and projected improvements from industry and sponsored R&D. The paper also looks at the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy.

scholarly journals Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement projects in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigih Udi Atmo ◽  
Colin Duffield ◽  
Lihai Zhang ◽  
David Ian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcomes of Indonesian power projects as representative projects of Asian emerging economies that were procured via public-private partnerships (PPPs) and traditional public sector procurement. Power generation infrastructure delivery in emerging economies frequently seeks private participation via PPPs as one of the key mechanisms to attract private finance. Undertaking a comparative benchmark study of the outcomes of Indonesian power projects provides an opportunity to explore the historic evidence as to whether PPPs deliver better outcomes than traditional public procurement in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on a study of the performance of 56 Indonesian power projects procured via either PPPs or traditional procurement. First, it focusses on project time and cost outcomes of power plant facility during construction and commissioning and then extends this comparison to consider the operating availability of power plants during their first two years of operation. Findings The results indicate that PPP projects had superior time and operating availability to those procured traditionally whereas no significant differences were identified in the cost performance between PPPs and traditionally procured projects. These findings highlight the importance of adopting policies that are supported by broader sources of international financiers and high quality power plant developers. Research limitations/implications The quality performance analyses of projects (based on equivalent available factor indices) were limited to the power plants in the Java-Bali region where the majority of projects are large scale power plants. Practical implications This study provides an empirical basis for governments of emerging economies to select the most beneficial procurement strategy for power plant projects. It highlights the importance of selecting experienced providers and to adopt policies that attract high quality international project financiers and power plant developers. This includes the need to ensure the commercial viability of projects and to seriously consider the use of cleaner power technologies. Originality/value This study is the first to compare the outcomes of power projects in Asian emerging economies delivered via PPPs against those delivered by traditional public procurement that includes consideration of the quality of the delivered product.

scholarly journals Complementarity Roses Evaluating Spatial Complementarity in Time between Energy Resources

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Risso ◽  
Alexandre Beluco ◽  
Rita Marques Alves
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Hybrid energy systems have higher initial costs than systems that are based on only one renewable resource, but allow for the fulfillment of the demands of consumer loads with lower values for the cost of energy. The possible complementarity between the resources used can contribute to a better use of the available energy. On a large scale, complementarity between power plants can serve as a tool for the management of energy resources. A complete evaluation of complementarity needs to consider three components: time complementarity, energy complementarity, and complementarity between amplitudes of variation. Complementarity can also be assessed between energy resources in one place (which may be termed temporal complementarity) and between resources at different sites (termed spatial complementarity). This paper proposes a method for quantifying spatial complementarity over time and for its expression through maps. The method suggests the establishment of a hexagonal network of cells and the determination of complementary roses for each cell that contains power plants. This article also applies the method proposed to some hydroelectric plants and wind farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, and present the map of spatial complementarity in time obtained.

scholarly journals Total cost of carbon capture and storage implemented at a regional scale: northeastern and midwestern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190065 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Schmelz ◽  
Gal Hochman ◽  
Kenneth G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

We model the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in subsurface geological formations for emissions from 138 northeastern and midwestern electricity-generating power plants. The analysis suggests coal-sourced CO 2 emissions can be stored in this region at a cost of $52–$60 ton −1 , whereas the cost to store emission from natural-gas-fired plants ranges from approximately $80 to $90. Storing emissions offshore increases the lowest total costs of CCS to over $60 per ton of CO 2 for coal. Because there apparently is sufficient onshore storage in the northeastern and midwestern United States, offshore storage is not necessary or economical unless there are additional costs or suitability issues associated with the onshore reservoirs. For example, if formation pressures are prohibitive in a large-scale deployment of onshore CCS, or if there is opposition to onshore storage, offshore storage space could probably store emissions at an additional cost of less than $10 ton −1 . Finally, it is likely that more than 8 Gt of total CO 2 emissions from this region can be stored for less $60 ton −1 , slightly more than the $50 ton −1 Section 45Q tax credits incentivizing CCS.

scholarly journals Effect of Solar Tracking on the Economic Viability of a Large-Scale PV Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ◽  
Bright Kwame Afornu ◽  
Michael Nii Sanka Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper evaluated the economic potential of three different photovoltaic energy technologies at a selected site, Wa, in the Upper West region of Ghana. The cost of energy and net present value metrics were used to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of these technologies (fixed, single and double axis tracker systems). From the analysis, all three technologies are economically viable at the selected site, however, a sensitivity analysis shows that the fixed axis tracker is unviable at a discount rate above 2 % whiles that of the single and double axis power plants also become impracticable at a discount rate above 6 % using the financial input parameters adopted for the study. This is an indication that, even though the selected site may have the required solar radiation for the development of large-scale PV power plant, there is the need to create the necessary conducive financial environment to enable such projects to become viable. The double axis tracking system was identified as the optimum system that should be deployed at the selected site to get the best in terms of affordability of electricity to consumers and equity payback.

scholarly journals Utilization of Limed Flesh Through Fat Extraction and Soap Preparation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Estehad Pathan ◽  
Sobur Ahmed ◽  
Saidur Rahman Shakil
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Fat Extraction

Leather industry is an export oriented industry in Bangladesh and according to the Export Promotion Bureau, in the fiscal year 2017–2018 leather sector earned US$1.03 billion by exporting leather, leather products, and footwear [1] . But it is a matter of great concern that this industry produces lots of pollution which impacts on our environment immensely. Normally thousands of kg raw cattle hide converts into 200kg finished leather [2]. Leather processing (tanning) is a complex procedure comprising of several technological steps to shield the raw hide/skin against microbiological degradation as well as to stabilize collagen with defined tanning agents which produce a significant amount of waste. Wastes originate from all stages of leather manufacturing, such as tiny particles, residues from various tanning stages and reagents from different waste liquors comprising of cuttings of raw hides and skins , trimmings and shavings, fleshing residues, solid hair debris [3]. In this conversion process the amount of total solid waste produces is about 450-550kg. This work is intended to develop a fat extraction method from the limed flashings for soap production. In leather processing, just after washing, following the liming process, swollen pelts (lime treated hide/skin) have to pass through an operation to remove the remaining fat and flesh from the flesh side in order to improve the diffusion of chemicals into pelt is known as fleshing. Generally, fleshings are kept indiscriminately nearly the industrial area as green, which has an adverse effect on the environment including human health. It contains a considerable amount of fat, which could be great source raw materials for soap. The process could be optimized for large scale production, which would be allowed to produce a new product for the commercial use. The approach could also contribute a significant reduction in the environmental impact of inevitable solid waste and decrease the costs associated with disposal.

Managing the Faustian Bargain

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pool
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

A quarter of a century ago, Alvin Weinberg offered one of the most insightful— and unsettling—observations anyone has made about modern technology. Speaking of the decision to use nuclear power, the long-time director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory warned that society had made a “Faustian bargain.” On the one hand, he said, the atom offers us a nearly limitless supply of energy which is cheaper than that from oil or coal and which is nearly nonpolluting. But on the other hand, the risk from nuclear power plants and nuclear-waste disposal sites demands “both a vigilance and a longevity of our social institutions that we are quite unaccustomed to.” We cannot afford, he said, to treat nuclear power as casually as we do some of our other technological servants—coal-fired power plants, for instance—but must instead commit ourselves to maintaining a close and steady control over it. Although Weinberg’s predictions about the cost of nuclear power may now seem naive, the larger issue he raised is even more relevant today than twenty-five years ago: Where should society draw the line in making these Faustian technological bargains? With each decade, technology becomes more powerful and more unforgiving of mistakes. Since Weinberg’s speech, we have witnessed major accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Bhopal, as well as the explosion of the Challenger and the wreck of the Exxon Valdez. And looking into the future, it’s easy to see new technological capabilities coming along that hold the potential for far greater disasters. In ten or twenty years, many of our computers and computer-controlled devices may be linked through a widespread network that dwarfs the current telecommunications system. A major breakdown like those that occasionally hit long-distance telephone systems could cost billions of dollars and perhaps kill some people, depending on what types of devices use the network. And if genetic engineering becomes a reality on a large scale, a mistake there could make the thalidomide debacle of the late 1950s and early 1960s look tame.

MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF STEEL CANS: A KEY TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT1

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Cherneff
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Copper Mining ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collection Programs

A growing number of communities are finding that municipal magnetic separation of steel cans is an ecological, economic, and technological solution to part of their solid waste problem. Steel's unique magnetic property permits the large-scale efficient reclamation of steel cans from collected municipal garbage. Magnetic separation enables municipalities to extend the life of scarce landfill sites, produces revenues from the sale of scrap cans, lowers the cost of waste disposal, and helps conserve a valuable resource through recycling. It also leads to salvaging vastly greater numbers of used cans than do the volunteer collection programs. Successful recycling programs require that economically viable markets be maintained for reclaimed materials. America's steel industry is actively developing uses for reclaimed steel cans. Steel producers have agreed to accept all reclaimed steel cans for remelting into new steel products. Also, the copper mining industry uses salvaged cans to produce copper from low grade ore. Detinners and ferroalloy plants offer additional markets for salvaged steel cans.

scholarly journals Solid recovered fuel as coal substitute in the electricity generation sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kakaras ◽  
Panagiotis Grammeus ◽  
Michails Agraniotis ◽  
Willy Derichs ◽  
Hans-Peter Schiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Combustion Tests

According to the 1999/31 EC Directive, municipal solid waste should not be disposed for landfill from 2005. In this way, more environmental friendly waste management options are promoted towards the volume reduction and limitation of negative consequences. In this context, attention is focused on the utilization of solid recovered fuels derived from the waste treatment as coal substitute in large-scale power plants. Such activities are realized within an EU-funded project RECOFUEL, in which the solid recovered fuels co-combustion with brown coal is demonstrated in two commercial-scale PF-boilers at R WE Power's power plant site in Weisweiler, Germany. During testing the thermal share of solid recovered fuels in the overall thermal input was adjusted to some 2%, resulting into a feeding rate of about 2 x 12.5 tons per hour. NTUA-LSB in cooperation with IVD-University of Stuttgart, Germany, is responsible for the boiler measurements and the characterization of boilers operational behavior. Among the main activities are the technology transfer of co-combustion practice in the Balkan countries and the perspectives of its future application in the Greek region, with respect to the special characteristics of the Greek brown coal and municipal solid waste. Co-combustion tests of brown coal and solid recovered fuels, that have been taken place up to now, have been successfully performed and the strict European emission limits are kept. The waste quantities in Greece that can be utilized are estimated in 200,000 Mg/year while their utilization in existing thermal plants is expected to bring savings of 3% lignite use and avoidance of up to 200,000 Mg CO2 per year.

scholarly journals Public concerns and behaviors towards solid waste minimization using composting in Kampar district, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Waste Separation ◽  
The Cost

Municipal solid waste generation in Malaysia has increase significantly. Organic materials continue to be the major portion of solid waste generated in Kampar, Malaysia. As a result of increasing rate of waste generation and population growth, land area will become more demanding causing the increment of the cost in solid waste management. As a result, solid waste management will become more expensive in the future. Waste separation and organic composting can provide good solution in reducing waste disposal. Nevertheless, public awareness is an important key to improve solid waste management issue. During this study, questionnaire was designed to test out public general knowledge regarding waste management, and their willingness to do composting. 270 questionnaires were distributed to the public. Data analysis of the questionnaire shows that only a few of the respondents (24 numbers) have good awareness. Likert scale was applied to prioritize the factors that discourage waste separation and organic composting practices in Kampar District. This paper concluded that public education and awareness toward solid waste minimization using composting is crucial.

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