Solid State Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production from Rice Husk

Increased rice production in Indonesia not only brings good news socially and economically, but also brings bad news for environmental ecology. In each rice crop produces 50% rice straw and 50% grain. The grain is divided into two again, namely 80% rice and 20% rice husk. In 2018, counted the rice husk up to 10,379,625 tons, a fantastic number if cannot be managed properly so that it can pollute the environment. One alternative to deal with the high rice husk is through conversion to biogas. Biogas is an energy that is formed under anaerobic conditions with organic material so that it is also called renewable energy. The development of research on biogas production from rice husks based SS-AD has experienced a positive increase in hardness. Studies have been conducted on the pre-treatment to other influencing factors. But after the authors describe the latest development of biogas research from rice husk, there are still some variables that have not been tested such as physical treatment, the influence of temperature, pH and alkalinity. Based on this review, further research is needed to complete a number of variables that have not been carried out so that it is expected that the development of biogas production from rice husk based SS-AD can move toward larger scales such as pilot scale and industrial scale.

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Enhancement of biogas production from rice husk using mechanical pretreatment (grinding) in Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (L-AD)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020208003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 08003

Author(s):

Syafrudin ◽

Winardi Dwi Nugraha ◽

Soraya Annisa Putri ◽

Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽

Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Mechanical Pretreatment ◽

Preparation Stage ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Operation Phase ◽

Gas Volume ◽

Biogas Technology

Biogas technology is an alternative solution to the energy crisis issue in Indonesia. This study focuses on determining the optimum value of grind size variations in biogas production using the Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (L-AD) from rice husk waste. It is consists of the preparation stage, total solids calculation, the operation phase, and results analysis. The rice husk is collected from Rowosari village, and it has been pre-treated by 6% NaOH of chemical pre-treatment. The physical treatment uses numerous grind sizes, including un-grinded rice husk as control, and the 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, 60 mesh of rice husk as an observed variable. All variables are duplicate into 12 reactors, and the biogas production is observed by collecting gas volume in each reactor for 60 days. The calculated biogas is expressed by ml/grTS. The result shows that the grind size of 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, and 60 mesh rice husk produces a total biogas rate of 54.95, 44.86, 58.13, and 72.14 ml/grTS respectively. The rice husk control produces 9.67 ml/gr TS as the lowest rate of biogas production compared to the others, while the 60 mesh rice husk becomes the highest biogas production rate.

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Ultrasound pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion improvement

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.484 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1525-1532 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

S. Pérez-Elvira ◽

M. Fdz-Polanco ◽

F. I. Plaza ◽

G. Garralón ◽

F. Fdz-Polanco

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Specific Energy ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Net Generation ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Anaerobic Reactors ◽

Pre Treatment

Prior research indicates that ultrasounds can be used in batch reactors as pre-treatment before anaerobic digestion, but the specific energy required at laboratory-scale is too high. This work evaluates both the continuous ultrasound device performance (efficiency and solubilisation) and the operation of anaerobic digesters continuously fed with sonicated sludge, and presents energy balance considerations. The results of sludge solubilisation after the sonication treatment indicate that, applying identical specific energy, it is better to increase the power than the residence time. Working with secondary sludge, batch biodegradability tests show that by applying 30 kWh/m3 of sludge, it is possible to increase biogas production by 42%. Data from continuous pilot-scale anaerobic reactors (V=100 L) indicate that operating with a conventional HRT = 20 d, a reactor fed with pre-treated sludge increases the volatile solids removal and the biogas production by 25 and 37% respectively. Operating with HRT = 15 d, the removal efficiency is similar to the obtained with a reactor fed with non-hydrolysed sludge at HTR = 20 d, although the specific biogas productivity per volume of reactor is higher for the pretreated sludge. Regarding the energy balance, although for laboratory-scale devices it is negative, full-scale suppliers state a net generation of 3–10 kW per kW of energy used.

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Mild Thermal Pre-Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge to Increase Loading Capacity, Biogas Production, and Solids’ Degradation: A Pilot-Scale Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13226059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 6059

Author(s):

Adrian Gonzalez ◽

Hongxiao Guo ◽

Oscar Ortega-Ibáñez ◽

Coert Petri ◽

Jules B. van Lier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Wastewater Purification ◽

Refractory Compounds ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Methane Production Rate ◽

Pre Treatment

Sludge pre-treatments are emerging as part of the disposal process of solid by-products of wastewater purification. One of their benefits is the increase in methane production rate and/or yield, along with higher loading capacities of existing digesters. In this study, we report the performance of a pilot-scale compartmentalized digester (volume of 18.6 m3) that utilized a mild thermal pre-treatment at 70 °C coupled with hydrogen peroxide dosing. Compared with a reference conventional anaerobic digester, this technique allowed an increased organic loading rate from 1.4 to 4.2 kg volatile solids (VS)/(m3d) and an increment in the solids degradation from 40 to 44%. To some extent, these improvements were promoted by the solubilization of the tightly-bound fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances to looser and more accessible fractions without the formation of refractory compounds. In sum, our results suggest that this pre-treatment method could increase the treatment capacity of existing digesters without significant retrofitting.

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The influence of temperature on algal biomass growth for biogas production

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824004008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 04008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Monika Pawlita-Posmyk ◽

Małgorzata Wzorek ◽

Małgorzata Płaczek

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Biomass Growth ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Fermentation Processes ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Mixing Method ◽

Process Mode

The use of algae is gaining popularity in recent years. Algae can form a suitable substrate for biogas production because they are low in cellulose and have low lignin content. The paper contains a summary with the list of the algae species applied for the biogas production process to this date, coupled with the description of the characteristic conditions in which the process is conducted. The key importance factors during the production of biogas include, among others, grade of algae species used, temperature of the process, mode in which the material is supplied into the tank, mixing method, use of co-substrate, etc. This paper reports the results of the study involving the effect of various temperature conditions on the characteristics of the growth rate of algal biomass. The research was performed for the Chlorella vulgaris BA-0167 strain in the temperature range corresponding to the mesophilic fermentation processes in anaerobic conditions.

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Effect of Bio-activator Addition and Stirring on Biogas Production from Rice Husks and Cow Dung

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187307015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 07015

Author(s):

Lando Asiyanthi Tabran ◽

Arifin Abdul Nasser ◽

Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Milling Process ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Rice Milling

Indonesia as the world’s third-largest paddy producer generates abundant agricultural wastes. Approximately, 20% of those wastes obtained in the rice milling process are rice husks that have not been fully utilized. Rice husks contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative source of energy. In addition, an increase in the cattle population has increased the waste produced. Disposal of livestock manure, that has not been handled properly, has caused environmental pollution. The abundance of cow dung is an energy potential which is very beneficial for the community. Therefore, rice husk, cow dung, and bio-activator EM-4 were used as the main material in this study. The objectives of this study were to analyze the volume of biogas produced from (1) each composition of rice husk and cow dung, (2) addition of bio-activator EM-4, and (3) the amount of stirring in the digester. The ratio of rice husk and cow dung waste is 70%: 30% with a solid and water ratio of 10%: 90% and 20%:80%. The addition of EM-4 and stirring frequency is made with various composition aimed to accelerate the rate of increase in biogas, which can be used as alternative energy in society.

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Digestion of sludge and organic waste in the sustainability concept for Malmö, Sweden

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0634 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 163-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. la Cour Jansen ◽

C. Gruvberger ◽

N. Hanner ◽

H. Aspegren ◽

Â Svärd

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Household Waste ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Different Types ◽

Pre Treatment

Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmö for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management, solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built city district. The system for treatment of the waste is integrated in a centralised solution located at the existing wastewater treatment plant. A new extension of the digester capacity enables separate as well as co-digestion of sludge together with urban organic waste from households, industry, restaurants, big kitchens, food stores, supermarkets, green markets etc. for biogas production and production of fertiliser. Collection and pre-treatment of different types of waste are in progress together with examination of biogas potential for different types of organic waste. Collection of household waste as well as anaerobic digestion in laboratory and pilot scale has been performed during the last year. It is demonstrated that organic household waste can be digested separately or in combination with sludge. In the latter case a higher biogas yield is found than should be expected from digestion of the two materials separately. Household waste from a system based on collection of organic waste from grinders could be digested at mesophilic conditions whereas digestion failed at thermophilic conditions.

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Landfill In-Situ Aeration Process and Technology

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2010.005 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Roberto Raga ◽

Raffaello Cossu

Keyword(s):

Degradation Process ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Aerobic Degradation ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Mountain Area ◽

Landfill Mining ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Aeration Process

In situ aeration of landfills enables the aerobic degradation process to develop in the landfill with the subsequent reduction of the emission potential in a much shorter time than under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, in situ aeration is particularly recommended as landfill pre-treatment before landfill mining activities. Preliminary investigations are required, to be carried out on the landfill by means of a pilot scale plant, in order to acquire the relevant information for the design of a full scale in situ aeration plant. Some results are presented below, obtained during preliminary investigations carried out on a municipal solid waste landfill in a mountain area in northern Italy, aimed at the application of in situ aeration in view of landfill mining.

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