Study on Remediation of Hexachlorobenzene Contaminated Soil by Mechanochemical Method

The mechanochemical method is a potential way to destroy pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds due to its advantages such as complete reaction, adaptation of various pollutants and low energy consumption, etc. Research work was conducted to investigate the feasibility of remediating the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated soil and how the parameters influence the destruction of the pollutants. In the study, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used as a presentative of the POPs in soil. Natural minerals such as albite and magnetite were selected as additives to treat HCB contaminated soil with the application of mechanochemical method. The reasonable operation parameters as well as the soil properties on the destruction of HCB were determined. Analysis such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectrometer were conducted for the supplement of mechanism study. A degradation rate of 92.5% for HCB was achieved under the optimal reaction condition. According to the XPS analysis results, the transformed valence state of iron, provided electrons for the destruction of HCB, on the basis of specific structure of albite. The amorphous carbon and graphite carbon were the final products of the destruction of HCB in the process of ball milling. The selected reagents with albite and magnetite would be viable for the damage of other POPs by mechanochemical method.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of GdVO4:Eu 3+ Phosphors by Optimizing its Preparation Conditions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1360 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 287-290 ◽

pp. 1360-1364

Author(s):

Ying Lin Yan ◽

Yun Hua Xu ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Zhen Xing Luan

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Photo Luminescence ◽

Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽

Temperature Reaction ◽

Hydrothermal Temperature ◽

Red Emission ◽

X Ray ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Optimal Reaction Condition ◽

Optimal Reaction

Eu3+ -doped GdVO4 powders have been synthesized via a novel hydrothermal method using commercially available Gd2O3, NH4VO3 and Eu2O3 as the reacting precursors. The influences of several important parameters, such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and pH value, of the experiment were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and photo-luminescence spectroscopy (PL). The experimental results showed that the optimal reaction condition was processed at 180°C for 12 h and adjusted pH value to 4. The morphology of products was uniform pseudo-octahedron with a little conglomeration. All the phosphors exhibit the characteristic dominant red emission of Eu3+ ion (5D0 → 7F2) at 618nm.

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Adsorption Mechanism Study of Magnetic EDTA-Chitosan on Cu (II) Ions of Solution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.218 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 937 ◽

pp. 218-223

Author(s):

Run Hua Qin ◽

Feng Sheng Li ◽

Wei Jiang ◽

Ling Yun Hao

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Active Sites ◽

Adsorption Mechanism ◽

Influence Factor ◽

Adsorption Property ◽

Chelating Agent ◽

Magnetic Adsorbent ◽

Mechanism Study ◽

X Ray ◽

Adsorption Mechanisms

A novel magnetic adsorbent, magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads was synthesized. The adsorption mechanisms of magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads for removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution were investigated in this paper. The interaction mechanisms of Cu2+ adsorption onto magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads and active sites were interpreted by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Uniting the analysis results of FTIR and XPS, the functional groups of participating in chelating were confirmed, and the results indicated that Cu2+ adsorption was mainly through interactions with electron donating atom N and O. This adsorption property was similar to N·O-type chelating agent and the adsorption mechanism was put forward. This work was very significant to control adsorption influence factor and improve adsorption capacity of magnetic EDTA-chitosan nanobeads, and then succeed to apply to magnetic adsorption fields.

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A facile synthesis of GO/CuO-blended nanofiber sensor electrode for efficient enzyme-free amperometric determination of glucose

Journal of Analytical Science & Technology ◽

10.1186/s40543-021-00289-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Medha Gijare ◽

Sharmila Chaudhari ◽

Satish Ekar ◽

Anil Garje

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Research Work ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Amperometric Determination ◽

Detection Range ◽

X Ray ◽

Sensing Performance

AbstractThe development of biosensors with innovative nanomaterials is crucial to enhance the sensing performance of as-prepared biosensors. In the present research work, we prepared copper (II) oxide (CuO) and graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofibers using the hydrothermal synthesis route. The structural and morphological properties of as-prepared GO/CuO nanofibers were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer, field-emission scanning, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated GO/CuO nanofibers exhibit nanosized diameters and lengths in the order of micrometers. These GO/CuO nanofibers were employed to prepare non-enzymatic biosensors (GO/CuO nanofibers/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide)) modified electrodes for enhanced glucose detection. The sensing performance of the biosensors was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). GO/CuO/FTO biosensor achieved high sensitivity of 1274.8 μA mM−1cm−2 having a linear detection range from 0.1 to 10 mM with the lower detection limit (0.13 μM). Further, the prepared biosensor showed good reproducibility repeatability, excellent selectivity, and long-time stability. Moreover, the technique used for the preparation of the GO/CuO composite is simple, rapid, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. These electrodes are employed for the detection of glucose in blood serum with RSD ~ 1.58%.

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Towards a High-Power Si@graphite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries through a Wet Ball Milling Process

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marta Cabello ◽

Emanuele Gucciardi ◽

Alvaro Herrán ◽

Daniel Carriazo ◽

Aitor Villaverde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Current Density ◽

Research Work ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Graphite Anode ◽

Battery Life ◽

Intimate Contact ◽

X Ray

Silicon-based anodes are extensively studied as an alternative to graphite for lithium ion batteries. However, silicon particles suffer larges changes in their volume (about 280%) during cycling, which lead to particles cracking and breakage of the solid electrolyte interphase. This process induces continuous irreversible electrolyte decomposition that strongly reduces the battery life. In this research work, different silicon@graphite anodes have been prepared through a facile and scalable ball milling synthesis and have been tested in lithium batteries. The morphology and structure of the different samples have been studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We show how the incorporation of an organic solvent in the synthesis procedure prevents particles agglomeration and leads to a suitable distribution of particles and intimate contact between them. Moreover, the importance of the microstructure of the obtained silicon@graphite electrodes is pointed out. The silicon@graphite anode resulted from the wet ball milling route, which presents capacity values of 850 mA h/g and excellent capacity retention at high current density (≈800 mA h/g at 5 A/g).

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Removal of Chromium from a Contaminated Soil Using Oxalic Acid, Citric Acid, and Hydrochloric Acid: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Concomitant Removal of Non-Targeted Metals

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2771 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sun ◽

Guan ◽

Yang ◽

Wang

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Fe And Mn

Soil leaching is an effective remediation technique using agents to leach the target pollutants from the soil. However, the dynamics and mechanisms for leaching of Cr and other non-pollutant metals from Cr-contaminated soils are not yet well understood. Here, column leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl), citric acid (CA), and oxalic acid (OX) on the leaching of Cr, as well as of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn, from a soil contaminated by a Cr slag heap. Acid leaching decreased soil pH and enhanced the mobility of all the surveyed metals. Leaching dynamics varied with both metals and acids. OX had the highest removal rates for Cr, Fe, Mn, and Mg, but had the poorest ability to leach Ca. HCl leached the largest amount of Ca, while CA leached similar amounts of Mg and Mn to OX, and similar amounts of Fe and Cr to HCl. Cr in the leachates was correlated with Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn. Cr mainly interacted with soil mineral components and showed a punctate distribution in soil particles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed soil mineralogical and morphological properties were differently altered after leaching by different acids. Complexation of Cr(III), competitive desorption, and reduction of Cr(VI) make significant contribution to Cr leaching by organic acids. In conclusion, OX can be applied in leaching remediation of Cr-contaminated soil, but the concomitant removal of other non-targeted metals should be taken into account because of the loss of soil minerals and fertility.

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Nitrogen-DopedTiO2Photocatalyst Prepared by Mechanochemical Method: Doping Mechanisms and Visible Photoactivity of Pollutant Degradation

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2012/960726 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yu-Chao Tang ◽

Xian-Huai Huang ◽

Han-Qing Yu ◽

Li-Hua Tang

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Pollutant Degradation ◽

Mechanochemical Method ◽

Sunlight Irradiation ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

X Ray ◽

Adsorption Mechanisms ◽

Photocatalytic Activities

Nitrogen-doped TiO2(N/TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared using a mechanochemical method with raw amorphous TiO2as precursors and various nitrogenous compounds doses (NH4F, NH4HCO3, NH3·H2O, NH4COOCH3, and CH4N2O). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra (UV-Vis-DRS). Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated with the degradation of p-nitrophenol and methyl orange under UV or sunlight irradiation. The catalysts had a strong visible light absorption which correspond to doped nitrogen and consequent oxygen deficient. The results of photocatalytic activity showed the visible light adsorption mechanisms, as the doped nitrogen species gave rise to a mid-gap level slightly above the top of the (O-2p) valence band, but not from the mixed band gap of the N-2p and O-2p electronic levels.

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Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Surface-Grafting Poly(L-Lactide) under Microwave Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1929 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 204-210 ◽

pp. 1929-1933 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bing Hong Luo ◽

Chung En Hsu ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Jian Hao Zhao ◽

Chang Ren Zhou

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Ring Opening ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Surface Grafting ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Optimal Reaction Condition ◽

Optimal Reaction

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) surface-grafting poly(L-lactide) (g-HAP) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization ofL-lactide (L-LA) using stannous octoate as initiator andn-HAP as co-initiator under microwave irradiation. An optimal reaction condition was obtained as follows: temperature of 140 °C, irradiation time of 45 min and microwave power of 50 W. The products were characterized by FTIR, TGA, x-ray scattering and particle size analysis. Results showed that the feeding ratio ofnn-HAP：nL-LAhad a significant influence on the grafting percentage ofg-HAP. With increasing thenn-HAP:nL-LAfeeding ratio from 1:50 to 1:400, the grafting percentage ofg-HAP increased correspondingly from 14.91% to 35.88%. Theg-HAP particles showed a smaller size than that of pristinen-HAP, suggesting that the grafted poly(L-lactide) segment facilitated to prevent theg-HAP particles from aggregating.

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