scholarly journals Using biogas as an energy source

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04064
Author(s):  
Alexander Smirnov ◽  
Kantemir Tsabolov ◽  
Liliya Ineshina ◽  
Elena Gogina

This article discusses the topic of sewage sludge digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge makes it possible to obtain biogas, which can later be used to generate heat or electricity. this approach to resource use is recognized worldwide as more environmentally friendly. The article discusses the experience of European countries in the production and use of biogas. In the Russian Federation, the situation is complicated by the fact that wastewater contains a small amount of organic matter, which is a product for biogas production. Therefore, methods have been proposed for increasing the content of organic matter in sediments, for example, by means of separate waste collection and disposal of organic waste through grinders into the sewerage system. Or, the amount of organic matter in the sewage sludge can be increased by adding manure from animal farms. The stages of sediment fermentation are considered. The topic of rationality and payback of the use of biogas is raised. Projects already working in different countries are being considered. Possible volumes of gas production and methods of air purification during sludge treatment are considered.

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2033-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohu Dai ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Yiqing Lu ◽  
Bin Dong

The easy biodegradable organic matter, non-biodegradable organic matter, metal ions, and micron-sized silica particle and their interactions were the key factors for limiting the biogas production from anaerobic sludge digestion.


Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.


Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas

The paper presents the findings of experimental investigation of biogas production using hen manure and sewage sludge with fatty waste (from margarine production). The following mixtures were made using this organic waste: hen manure and sewage sludge were mixed with fatty waste at 75% : 25%, 50% : 50% and 25% : 75% in volume. The paper analyses quantitative and qualitative composition of biogas: gas emission content, the concentrations of methane, sulphuretted hydrogen and oxygen in it as well as temperature and pH change during the experiment. Mixing hen manure with fatty waste at 75% : 25% and maintaining psychrophilic temperature mode, the highest biogas output (0.09 m3) from 0.2 m3 substrate in 32 days was recorded. When using the mixture of sewage sludge and fatty waste at 75% : 25% and maintaining psychrophilic temperature mode, the highest biogas output (0.10 m) from 0.2 m substrate in 32 days was recorded. When using these mixtures, the concentration of methane was also the highest, and the average values reached 58.5% (with hen manure) and 61.7% (with sewage sludge). The evaluation of gas emissions and methane concentration in gas shows that the most efficient use of biogas could be obtained using biogas emitted from the mixture of hen manure and sewage sludge with fatty waste mixed at 75% : 25%. The concentration of sulphuretted hydrogen in biogas did not exceed 3%, the concentration of oxygen decreased from 4.9 % to 1.8%. pH indicator was decreasing when more fatty waste was added to the mixture. When using hen manure, the average value of pH changed from 6.4 to 6.3, when using sewage sludge ‐ from 6.6 to 6.3. Santrauka Pateikiami eksperimentinių biodujų gamybos tyrimų, naudojant vištų mėšlą ir nuotekų valymo dumblą su riebalinėmis (margarino gamybos) atliekomis, rezultatai. Iš šių organinių atliekų buvo paruošti mišiniai: vištų mėšlas bei nuotekų valymo dumblas buvo maišomas su riebalinėmis atliekomis 75 % : 25 %, 50 % : 50 % ir 25 % : 75 %. Darbe nagrinėjama biodujų kiekybinė ir kokybinė sudėtis: išsiskyrusių dujų kiekis, metano, sieros vandenilio ir deguonies koncentracija jose, temperatūros bei pH pokytis eksperimento metu. Eksperimentų metu bioreaktoriuose buvo palaikomas psichrofilinis temperatūrinis režimas. Nustatyta, kad didžiausias biodujų kiekis (0,09 m3 ) išsiskiria vištų mėšlą maišant su riebalinėmis atliekomis santykiu 75 % : 25 %. Naudojant nuotekų valymo dumblo ir riebalinių atliekų mišinį (75 % : 25 %), taip pat gauta didžiausia biodujų išeiga per visą eksperimento laikotarpį – 0,10 m3 . Metano koncentracija naudojant šiuos mišinius taip pat buvo didžiausia. Vidutinė reikšmė siekė 58,5 % (su vištų mėšlu) bei 61,7 % (su nuotekų dumblu). Įvertinus išsiskyrusių dujų kiekį ir metano koncentraciją jose, nustatyta, kad efektyviausiai būtų galima naudoti biodujas, išsiskyrusias iš vištų mėšlo ir nuotekų valymo dumblo su riebalinėmis atliekomis, kurių santykis 75 % : 25 %. Sieros vandenilio koncentracija biodujose neviršijo 3 %, deguonies koncentracija mažėjo nuo 4,9 % iki 1,8 %. pH rodiklis mažėjo į biomasės mišinį įdedant daugiau riebalinių atliekų. Naudojant vištų mėšlą vidutinė pH reikšmė kito nuo 6,4 iki 6,3, naudojant nuotekų valymo dumblą – nuo 6,6 iki 6,3. Резюме Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по производству биогаза с использованием куриного помета и ила сточных вод с жировыми отходами (от производства маргарина). Были исследованы следующие смеси из органических отходов: куриный помет и ил сточных вод были смешаны с жировыми отходами в объеме 75% : 25%, 50% : 50% и 25% : 75%. Проанализирован количественный и качественный состав биогаза: газовое содержание эмиссии, концентрации метана, сероводорода и кислорода, а также изменение температуры и фактора pH в течение эксперимента. Во время эксперимента в биореакторе поддерживался психрофильный температурный режим. Было установлено, что при смешивании куриного помета с жировыми отходами в соотношении 75% : 25% и поддерживании психрофильного температурного режима наибольший выпуск биогаза (от 0,09 м3 до 0,2 м3 субстрата) обнаружен спустя 32 дня. При использовании смеси из ила сточных вод и жировых отходов в соотношении 75% : 25% и поддерживании психрофильного температурного режима был установлен наибольший выпуск биогаза (от 0,10 м3 до 0,2 м3 субстрата) спустя 32 дня. При использовании этих смесей концентрация метана также была самая большая, ее средние значения составляли 58,5% (с куриным пометом) и 61,7% (с илом сточных вод). В результате оценки газовой эмиссии и концентрации метана в эмиссии установлено, что наиболее эффективным будет использование биогаза, получаемого от смеси куриного помета и ила сточных вод с жировыми отходами в соотношении 75% : 25%. Концентрация сероводорода в биогазе не превышала 3%, концентрация кислорода уменьшилась от 4,9% до 1,8%. Индикатор фактора pH уменьшался, когда к смеси добавлялось больше жировых отходов. При использовании только куриного помета среднее значение фактора pH менялось от 6,4 до 6,3, при использовании ила сточных вод – от 6,6 до 6,3.


RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (58) ◽  
pp. 33138-33148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Qingqing Mei ◽  
Xiaofang Yan ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Xiaohu Dai ◽  
...  

The chemical characteristics of the refractory organic matter in anaerobic and aerobic digestates are hardly known although they are significant for further improving the degradation of organic matter during sludge digestion.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
L.V. Bryndina ◽  
O.V. Baklanova ◽  
N.M. Il’ina

Studies have been carried out to obtain combined biopreparats obtained on the basis of sewage sludge (WWS) and activated carbon (AC) from plant materials for cleaning soils from contaminants with herbicides. The content of organic matter in the settled sludge is 57.3 %. The organic matter of sewage sludge activates its enzymatic activity. Catalase activity in samples treated with combined sorbents, 2.5 to 2.9 times higher than in control soil samples. The combined use of WWS and activated carbons from plant residues significantly accelerates the decomposition of the herbicide. The presence of WWS increases the efficiency of detoxification of the herbicide (active substance metsulfuron-methyl) with active carbons by 1.7 times.


2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aichinger ◽  
Tanush Wadhawan ◽  
Martin Kuprian ◽  
Matthew Higgins ◽  
Christian Ebner ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.


2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Peruzzi ◽  
Grazia Masciandaro ◽  
Cristina Macci ◽  
Serena Doni ◽  
Sandra G. Mora Ravelo ◽  
...  

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