Cyto-histological aspects of haploid androgenesis when obtaining haploids/doubled haploids in rice (Oryza Sativa l.) anther culture in vitro

The aim of the study was to study the development of rice microspores in anther culture in vitro, study the structure of androclinic callus to identify cyto-embryological features of the formation of morphogenic structures in anther culture, obtain doubled rice haploids (Oryza sativa L.) and accelerate the development of valuable breeding material with desired properties. Within the framework of this study, the results of a cyto-histological study of rice haploid androgenesis in vitro were obtained, which indicate that it is induced under the influence of phytohormones from rice anther microspores at the mononuclear or early binuclear stage of development. The abnormal development of microspores on nutrient media with phytohormone 2,4-D was traced, in which nuclei, having lost their characteristic functions, acquired the ability to unlimited division and growth with the formation of microcallus. The morphological structure of calli was assessed. The main morphotypes of callus tissues and the pathways of morphogenesis, leading to the formation of androgenic structures, up to full-fledged regenerant plants, were identified. Homozygous androgenic lines based on F1 and BC1 - rice generations obtained in the course of hybridization and backcrossing between Chinese samples carrying blast resistance genes and Russian accessiond were rapidly developed.

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HETEROZYGOUS ORYZA SATIVA L. DOUBLED HAPLOID GENERATED THROUGH IN VITRO ANDROGENESIS

10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M.V. Ilyushko ◽

◽

M.V. Romashova

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Resistance Allele ◽

Blast Resistance Gene ◽

Somatic Tissues ◽

Selection For

In the course of marker-assessted selection for the blast resistance gene Pi-b, among 372 rice Oryza sativa L. doubled haploids DH0 geterozygous plant was identified. In the offspring (11 doubled haploids DH1), only Pi-b resistance allele was revealed. The reason for the appearance of false heterozygosity is discussed. By analogy with mixoploidy, an explanation is proposed for the phenomenon of somatic tissues mixogeny.

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Intra-callus Genetic Variability of Rice Oryza Sativa L. Doubled Haploids Regenerated Throuth Androgenesis in vitro

10.1007/978-3-030-91402-8_2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Marina Ilyushko ◽

Marina Romashova ◽

Svetlana Guchenko

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Androgenesis In Vitro

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Variability of rice haploids obtained in anther culture in vitro

Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka ◽

10.31857/s2500-26272019211-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

M. V. Ilyushko ◽

M. V. Romashova

Keyword(s):

Anther Culture ◽

Plant Height ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Callus Line ◽

Culture In Vitro ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Callus Lines

Morphological variability of haploid plants and doubled haploids of rice obtained on one callus line in anther culture in vitro was studied. The work was carried out on rice plants Oryza sativa L. subspecies japonica Kato varietу Cascade. Regenerant plants of one callus line obtained from one rice anther (four in total) were divided into two or three groups of 20-30 plants, depending on the sample size in order of their differentiation on callus and transplantation on the rooting medium. Two callus lines (15.1 and 18.1) formed half of the haploids, half of the doubled haploids, and two other callus lines (5.1 and 7.2) numerous haploids. On callus lines with numerous haploids (5.1 and 7.2), as the regenant number increases, the size of plants decreases (plant height, number of flowers on the main panicle, number of panicles). On the lines 15.1 and 18.1 between groups of haploids and between groups of doubled haploids statistically significant differences absent. In breeding purposes for the induced doubling of the number of chromosomes in haploid regenerants with antitubulin substances such as colchicine, it is advisable to use plants that form on callus among the first. Between haploids of four callus lines and doubled haploids of two callus lines, statistically significant differences (at p=0.001) were revealed using the Hotelling's T2-criterion, calculated for the whole complex of biometric features. Haploids of different lines differed in three or four of them, doubled haploids on three of the five signs (length of panicle, productive bushiness and plant height). Varieties of interest to breeders may be improved by anther culture in vitro.

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Utilisation of anther culture in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding in Italy

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9940911 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 911 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AM Callegarin ◽

K Perfanov ◽

G Dorotea ◽

G Baldi

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Market Demand ◽

Breeding Methods ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Hybrid Lines

Increasing market demand has led to efforts to select for non-sticky, long-grain rice varieties suited to the Italian environment. The variability of recombinant populations derived from crosses between Italian and USA genotypes was exploited. Together with the conventional breeding methods, in vitro anther culture was used to obtain homozygous lines from crosses more quickly. Moreover, hybrid lines were obtained from crosses otherwise impossible to exploit owing to sterility in the F, generation (namely those resulting from crosses involving semi-dwarf USA varieties). Plant regeneration was obtained from 6 F, hybrids whose parents were chosen for their grain quality or their suitability to the Italian environment. About 5500 plantlets were regenerated. Of these, 1000 were albino, and about 50% of the green ones died after transplanting into soil; 65% of the surviving plants were sterile, so about 1000 progeny were obtained (30-445 for each cross). Progeny with desirable characteristics were evaluated for agronomic traits. On the basis of these results, limits and possibilities of anther-culture breeding in rice are discussed.

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