scholarly journals State of the art of seismic risk and loss assessment in structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
Riza Aryanti ◽  
Masrilayanti Masrilayanti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seismic Disaster

Earthquakes are known as one of the disasters that have fatal consequences for human safety. However, inevitably, the earthquake itself is not the leading cause of the losses suffered by humans, both material and soul. The most powerful thing in human safety is infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, and houses. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the risk factors that the infrastructure will experience in a natural disaster is needed. There is a variable seismic hazard in the Southeast Asia region, ranging from high seismic hazard allied with the underneath of the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos to moderate and low seismic tremors associated with a sizeable stable region on the Sunda Shelf. This paper describes the history of seismic risk and loss assessment of infrastructures. The method used is by doing literature reviews of the most recent research relating to seismic risk and assessment around the world. More than fifteen research results are studied and discussed to get a deep knowledge about seismic risk and the assessment of loss due to seismic disaster.

Seismic Hazard and Seismic Zonation of the Region Affected by the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 131-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Decanini ◽  
Giacomo Di Pasquale ◽  
Paolo Galli ◽  
Fabrizio Mollaioli ◽  
Tito Sanò
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Zonation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Seismic Area ◽  
Official Recognition ◽  
New System

In 1998, a new system of seismic classification promoted by the Department of Civil Protection identified the area in Italy hit by the 2002 earthquake in Molise and Puglia as a Zone 2 (moderately seismic). However, this classification was not adopted until March 2003, when an ordinance passed that partially closed the gap between scientific knowledge and official recognition of seismic hazard and that established a method for constantly updating the classification in the future. This paper reviews some of the methods available to assess the seismic hazard, particularly referring to the rich seismic history of Italy and using the “Associated Seismic Area” concept. This study confirms that the area affected by this earthquake should be considered as Zone 2. An appendix presents data on the seismic risk of existing buildings in the area and concludes that it is high for masonry buildings and that a strengthening program is needed.

Seismic Risk Analysis of Regular Girder Bridge Subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIBO CHEN ◽  
Jianhong Zhou ◽  
Qiluan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seismic Risk Analysis ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Seismic Disaster

Abstract When a structure is subjected to an earthquake sequence, the high rate of aftershocks after the mainshock and cumulative damage caused by the earthquake sequence make the structure very dangerous. Considering the uncertainty in seismic occurrences, structural damage is often predicted using a seismic risk analysis. This approach has become a main measure for seismic disaster assessment, and provides a reasonable reference for post-earthquake emergency response decision-making and pre-earthquake seismic design. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a seismic risk analysis considering the effect(s) of aftershocks. In this study, the aftershock hazard is estimated for a post-mainshock environment based on an aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Considering the uncertainty regarding the mainshock and aftershock occurrences, in addition to the functional relationship between the mainshock and aftershock parameters, the aftershock seismic hazard is estimated for the pre-mainshock environment. The mainshock fragility and aftershock fragility of regular girder bridges are evaluated based on the Kunnath damage model. Finally, considering the damage accumulation in bridge structures, the seismic hazard and seismic fragility are combined to establish a post-mainshock aftershock seismic risk framework and pre-mainshock mainshock-aftershock seismic risk analysis framework. Based on these, the mainshock risk and mainshock-aftershock risk are compared to verify the importance of considering the aftershock effects in seismic disaster assessments. The aftershock risks for the bridges of different post-mainshock damage states are compared, and the influence of the initial damage after the mainshock on the damage to the structure in the post-mainshock environment is studied.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sexual Violence Situation in a Regional Hospital in Guatemala: The Need for a Multidisciplinary Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S105-S105
Author(s):  
Blanca Soto ◽  
Miriam Canet ◽  
Diego Erdmenger
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis B Testing

Abstract Background Sexual violence is a global health problem, in terms of age and sex, showing a significant negative impact on health. Incidence in Guatemala is among the highest of the region reaching an average of 23 cases reported daily nationally per statistics from the Ministry of Health in 2015. Methods Retrospective analysis of the database of all sexual violence cases reported from a secondary -level national hospital in Guatemala from January 2005 to September 2015 (period A) and in-depth analysis on demographic and epidemiological data along with information of the follow-up of cases between January 2012 and September 2015 (period B) was performed. Results Period A: 500 cases; female (96%; 481/500). Assault occurred between 16–20 years (34%; 163/481) 11–15 years (22.25%; 107/481), and 21–30 years (22.04%; 106/481). From all reported male cases, 73.68% (14/19) occurred under 15 years. Period B: 154/217 (70.96%) cases included; female (95.45%; 147/154), mean age: 17.87 years. Assault occurred in public spaces (57.14%; 88/154) and victim’s home (29.87%; 46/154). Almost 13% of victims reported history of previous assault, 5.84% by the same aggressor. More than one aggressor participated in 36.37% of assaults. Physical violence was associated in 57.79% of cases. Most victims (92.76%; 141/152) consulted within 72 hours of the assault. HIV, VDRL, and Hepatitis B testing performed in 100, 52, and 33.77%, respectively, were negative. Follow-up visits at 3, 6, and 12 months after the aggression were attended by 20.78% (30/154), 1.95% (3/154), and 1.95% (3/154) of victims, respectively. Psychology support was completed only in 18.18% (28/154). Emergency contraception was provided when indicated; pregnancy as result of the aggression was reported in nine cases (5.84%). Conclusion The study shows that young women were the most vulnerable group for sexual violence. There is a lack of multidisciplinary approach and follow-up. Interventions on infectious diseases screening have to be optimized to reduce the risk of ETS transmission. This evidence supports the need for a specialized clinic to ensure access to comprehensive health services for victims. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In-depth analysis of Bacillus subtilis proteome identifies new ORFs and traces the evolutionary history of modified proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Ravikumar ◽  
Nicolas C. Nalpas ◽  
Viktoria Anselm ◽  
Karsten Krug ◽  
Maša Lenuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modified Proteins

scholarly journals Rapid and in-depth analysis for seismic risk evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
Novi Dwi Astuti ◽  
Meli Anta Alvita ◽  
Senot Sangadji ◽  
AP Rahmadi ◽  
Edy Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Depth Analysis

scholarly journals The Cross Roads of Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Town

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>

scholarly journals Relating Hydrological Extremes with Area - A Case on Extreme Floods in South Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Marahatta ◽  
Jagat Kumar Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
South Central ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forecasting System

Flash floods, debris flows and landslide disaster on the steep sloping terraces of hilly region are so challenging that even a real time hydro-meteorological forecasting system would not be applicable for all cases in Nepal. Flash floods are localized in short ranges with respect to time and distance; and it is very difficult to measure these flash floods in time. On the other hand, such phenomena need to be assessed for sustainable design of hydro- structures and for relocating the settlements from risk areas. A study was carried out to find the suitable relationship between area and extreme flood as well as area and extreme rainfall depth. Analysis is mainly based on the case of torrential rains in July 1993 over south central Nepal, which caused floods and debris torrents those were probably the worst in the disaster history of Nepal damaging lives and properties in Nepal during the 20th century. A relation for rainfall depth and other relation for specific flood are presented in this paper.Keywords: South-central Nepal; specific discharge; rainfall intensity; depth area duration.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v6i1.5487Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 6, No. 1 44-48

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