scholarly journals The Cross Roads of Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Town

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>

scholarly journals The Cross Roads of Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Town

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>

Control of chironomid midge larvae in wastewater stabilisation ponds: comparison of five compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Craggs ◽  
L. Golding ◽  
S. Clearwater ◽  
L. Susarla ◽  
W. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Pre Treatment

Chironomid midge larvae are a valuable component of wastewater stabilisation pond (WSP) ecology. However, in high numbers, adult midge swarms can be a nuisance to near-by urban areas. Improving WSP treatment by incorporating aerobic or maturation ponds or by the addition of pre-treatment to reduce organic loading also increases the availability of aerobic sediment (midge larva habitat) in the pond system and the potential for midge nuisance problems. The efficacy of Maldison, an organophosphate traditionally used to control midge larvae in New Zealand WSPs, was compared to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen and Diflubenzuron which are all more specific to insects and have fewer adverse environmental effects. Initial laboratory trials established the concentration of each compound required to achieve 95% control of the midge population. During 21-day small-scale trials within the WSP, Bti, Diflubenzuron and Maldison reduced live larvae numbers substantially (80–89%) compared to controls and adult midge emergence was markedly reduced by all compounds (72–96%). Large-scale trials with Bti (Vectobac® WG) powder (1000 μg/L) only caused a slight reduction in midge larvae numbers compared to controls and had little effect on adult emergence, however, Methoprene (Prolink XRG granules) (50 μgAI/L) reduced midge adult emergence by ∼80% over 25 days and has been used successfully to control several midge nuisance outbreaks.

Moas and Man. (PART II). THE WAIRAU MOA-HUNTER SITE

Antiquity ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 24 (94) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Duff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

By reviewing the bearing on Maori culture history of the excavation of Moa-hunter sites in New Zealand the previous chapter serves as an introduction to this account of the Wairau site, which is the most important Moa-hunter site yet recorded.So haphazard is the progress of archaeology in New Zealand that although this camp occupies more than 15 acres and is situated on an accessible beach about seven miles from the town of Blenheim, it was not discovered until 1939. It was first ploughed about 1922, when the tenant, Mr C. Eyles, was surprised at the number of bones uncovered. Being unfamiliar with moa bones, he believed the larger bones were those of the bullocks formerly employed to cart wool along the boulder bank, and the smaller to be human. Presumably miscellaneous artifacts were also revealed by the plough but only a number of stone adzes were recognized and retrieved. Of these the only one saved is a massive example of Type 1, A one of the most distinctive Moa-hunter types.The site was not identified as of Moa-hunter age until some seventeen years later, when Jim Eyles, the thirteen-year old grandson of the former tenant, decided to emulate the spasmodic activities of local collectors who occasionally visited the site in search of ‘Maori curios’. He opened up a trench on the edge of a convenient mound and immediately found the first of seven burials each, as subsequently established, with a moa egg grave offering.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Agricultural based Entrepreneurship Development Programmes at RUDSETI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Higher Professional Education ◽  
The Impact

On the rural side, it appears that the job potential in the agricultural economy has reached saturation level that leads to large-scale migration of workforce from rural to urban areas adding woes and strain to over-stressed civic infrastructure. Millions of unemployed young people, especially those from rural and semi-urban backgrounds who have not been able to access higher/professional education but who are oriented towards white-collar jobs, is driven to despair because they cannot find a job. It calls for the need for entrepreneurial ventures among the unemployed youth to encourage self-employment. In this context, this study aims at understanding the impact of Agricultural Employment Development Programmes offered by RUDSETI. Moreover, the study analyses how RUDSETI was able to motivate, instil technical knowledge, management skills, resource management, and handhold trainees even after starting their own agricultural business. For the study, the purposive sampling method was applied to collect the primary data from the trainees at RUDSETI. Descriptive method of research was adopted. The result of study states that training programme was key factor to start and successful running of their business. The hypothesis testing also proved positive that RUDSETI is acting as a catalyst towards growth and sustaining of the Agricultural sector.

Producing Immunity across the Hinterlands

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Mary Augusta Brazelton
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Major Project

This chapter surveys the history of vaccine research and development in China's wartime hinterlands during the early years of the Second Sino-Japanese War, considering first a major project launched by the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) and then, in turn, the major cities of Chongqing, Guiyang, and Lanzhou. Although urban areas were not the only places where medical researchers, students, and administrators worked, they were significant hubs for coordination and exchange. The development of vaccine production in cities coincided with the deployment of new and coercive strategies for immunization, reflecting the ongoing militarization of Chinese society. Yet many urban dwellers welcomed vaccination as a means of defending themselves against disease at a time when the Japanese offensive threatened to cause epidemic catastrophe both directly, through biological warfare, and indirectly, by causing large-scale migrations of refugees and soldiers across the country. Attempts to establish a certification system that connected immunization status to free passage on ships and roads suggested the increasing importance of biology to individual rights and freedoms in wartime China.

Should the euro have been invented if it did not exist? (On the book by O. V. Butorina “An economic history of the euro”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Sutyrin ◽  
Igor O. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of

The article is a reflection on Olga Butorina’s book “The economic history of the euro” published in 2020. The book provides a thorough in-depth analysis of the prerequisites for the European Economic and Monetary Union formation, describes the chronology of its integration, and makes forecasts about the future of the bloc. Some historical events presented in the book can be used as a base for independent cases for lecture courses, including those referred not only to international currency relations topics. The author’s search for answers to the fundamental question of why Europeans needed currency integration is of particular interest to readers. Of course, such a large-scale pamphlet cannot avoid discussable as well as controversial statements.

The diachrony of quotation: Evidence from New Zealand English

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Change ◽  
Direct Quotation

AbstractMuch recent work on English direct quotation assumes that the system is undergoing rapid and large-scale change via the emergence of “innovative” forms such as be like. This view is supported by synchronic evidence, but the dearth of diachronic evidence forces reconsideration of this assumption. Drawing on data representing the full history of New Zealand English, this paper presents a variationist analysis of the quotative system, providing a continuous link between present-day quotation and that of the late 19th century. It reveals a longitudinal and multifaceted trajectory of change, resulting in a highly constrained variable grammar in which language-internal contextual factors have evolved and specialized, the effects of which reverberate throughout the sector.

scholarly journals The Gateway to the South: Enhancing Connectivity between Port and Town

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angela Melville
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Town Centre ◽  
The Town

<p>This thesis explores how issues that have arisen from large scale ferry ports and industrial developments have resulted in disrupting the connectivity to neighbouring townships. It proposes a novel architecturally resolved terminal and ferry port, with a speculative siting in Picton to re-establish a relationship between port and township through connectivity and synergy.  Rapid change, growth and master planning within the ferry industry all play a vital role in anticipating land and infrastructural needs. A key interface between a roro (roll-on roll-off) vessel and the shore is essential to ensure optimum traffic flow for fast operation. Due the ferry’s roro service of transporting and carrying vehicles it is common for the main highways to and from the port to bypass a neighbouring township, resulting in fewer tourists visiting the neighbouring town centre. Railway tracks also play a similar role in creating boundaries of segregation between the port and town. In towns where the port is disproportionately large in relation to township, such as Dover in South-East England, Ballygillane, Rosslare Ireland and Picton New Zealand, infrastructural pressures have resulted in an imbalance in hierarchy between the ferry port and the township. It is important to re-establish a relationship between ferry ports and their neighbouring towns to rehabilitate the small township to ensure its place for future use.  The thesis investigates architecture’s role in reconciling a large scale ferry terminal with a small township. It asks how architecture, urban design and infrastructure can be applied to a township to enforce connectivity between ferry port and town. This thesis explores the question by proposing a case study design in Picton New Zealand. The relationship that roro ferry terminals have to their local context is impeded by train tracks, rail yards, car parking and marshalling yards. To analyse this large land-use component, the design uses three key functioning scales; Urban, Infrastructure and Architectural. i) Urban: The Urban Design reinforces the connection of the land to the sea. This was achieved by excavating a large portion of reclaimed land. This acknowledges the towns past and history, both topographically and culturally. This was developed into a new marina, bringing the sea edge closer to the township acting as a connection to the terminal and port.  (ii) Infrastructure: Functionality and layout is critical, Port infrastructure layouts were studied to determine the most beneficial arrangement. The rail marshalling yards were pushed away from the town centre to eliminate segregation of the township, and the vehicle stacking yards were moved closer to the town to encourage movement between the town and port.  (iii) Architectural : The architectural design of the Ferry Terminal uses inspiration from historic narratives and case study analysis from iconic ferry terminals around the world such as Naoshima ferry terminal, White Bay Cruise terminal and Vancouver Cruise terminal. The architectural scale also consists of three other key design elements that enhance the journey from terminal to town a drawbridge, a designed town edge and a redevelopment of the Edwin fox museum. These three structures are positioned on key pathways for community and social interaction. The three scales above identify individual key drivers of each scale in the design. The thesis argues that the introduction of a “new” ferry terminal coupled with a new urban design framework could improve connectivity between the ferry and the township transforming Picton into a more dynamic, economically viable township.</p>

scholarly journals Types and Functions of Taxes in a Market Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Isabella Rustambekovna Yuldasheva ◽  
Nematulla Abdusalamovich Artikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Economic Considerations

The purpose of this article is to explain the role and importance of taxes in a market economy based on economic analysis. There are also economic considerations about the types of taxes, and the importance of the functions of taxes in today’s market economy has been scientifically demonstrated. The role of taxes and types of taxes in the regulation of the economy, the results of economic measures taken to introduce taxes in the economic growth of the country are presented in statistics. Through an in-depth analysis of the role of tax functions in the economy, we can identify them as a key factor in ensuring the country's budget. The large-scale work carried out in our country to ensure greater transparency of tax policy determines the relevance of this sector for today's market economy.

Probabilistic Assessment of Pipeline Resistance to Third Party Damage: Use of Surveys to Generate Necessary Input Data

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffray Wolvert ◽  
Mure`s Zarea ◽  
Didier Rousseau ◽  
Ce´cile Andrieux
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
Failure Probabilities

A complete risk assessment procedure for pipelines relies, among other things, on the evaluation of failure probabilities. Incident reviews in western countries have identified third party damage as the main cause of failures with leaks. While some approaches already exist in order to evaluate the failure probability of transmission pipelines subject to third party damage, the issues of feeding the models with appropriate statistical data is a key factor for the success of the evaluation. We present here briefly the outline of the tool developed by Gaz de France R&D Davison to evaluate failure probabilities in the event of third party damage. Then we discuss the issue of available data, and particularly the most critical one, i.e. the population of ground working machinery, a majority of which are excavators. In order to assess as well as possible the exposure of pipelines to the threat of interference with excavators, we conducted a large scale survey in rural, semi-urban and urban areas in Western Europe in order to determine important parameter distributions of the excavators population: mass, digging depth, tool types and dimensions, soil type, type of ground works, etc. Random variables are used to describe these parameters and their influence on the failure probability is illustrated in a series of illustrative case studies. The importance of access to reliable information about the loads to which a pipeline is exposed is clearly shown in this paper, particularly due to the fact that the dispersion is a lot larger for the parameters linked with third parties working around the pipeline than for parameters of the pipeline: geometry and material properties.

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