scholarly journals Recent results from the LHCf and RHICf experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Y. Itow ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
H. Menjo ◽  
Y. Muraki ◽  
K. Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Energy Hadron

The Large Hadron Collider forward and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider forward experiments measured forward particles produced in high-energy hadron collisions at the LHC and RHIC. Using compact calorimeters neutral particles produced in pseudorapidities η >8.4 and η >6.0 are observed by the respective experiments. Because the collision energies ranging from 0.51 TeV to 13 TeV correspond to the cosmic-ray equivalent energies of 1014 to 1017 eV, the measurements are important to understand the hadronic interaction relevant to extensive air shower measurements. This paper reviews recent results of LHCf and initial performance of RHICf that took data in the 2017 RHIC operation.

scholarly journals Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect

The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. The experimental searches for the CME, the CMW, and the CVE have aroused extensive interest over the past couple of decades. The main goal of this article is to review the latest experimental progress in the search for these novel chiral transport phenomena at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Future programs to help reduce uncertainties and facilitate the interpretation of the data are also discussed.

scholarly journals Comparing Standard Distribution and Its Tsallis Form of Transverse Momenta in High Energy Collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Fang Si ◽  
Hui-Ling Li ◽  
Fu-Hu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Quantum Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Standard Distribution ◽  
Effective Temperatures

The experimental (simulated) transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged pions produced at midrapidity in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Heavy-Ion Synchrotron (SIS), Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies obtained by different collaborations are selected by us to investigate, where a few simulated data are taken from the results of FOPI Collaboration which uses the IQMD transport code based on Quantum Molecular Dynamics. A two-component standard distribution and the Tsallis form of standard distribution are used to fit these data in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The excitation functions of main parameters in the two distributions are analyzed. In particular, the effective temperatures extracted from the two-component standard distribution and the Tsallis form of standard distribution are obtained, and the relation between the two types of effective temperatures is studied.

Hisparc cosmic ray detector’s response to heavy rain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. J. van Deursen ◽  
David Fokkema ◽  
Kasper van Dam ◽  
Bob van Eijk
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Summer Storm

<p>Cosmic ray particles have extreme energies, 10<sup>16</sup> eV/nucleon and up. Upon arrival at the higher atmosphere and collisions with the gas molecules there, the cosmic ray particles convert into an cascade of different secondary particles that finally arrive at soil level in the form of an extensive air shower (EAS): high-energy gamma’s, electrons and muons. In the HIgh School Project on Astrophysics Research with Cosmics (Hisparc, www.hisparc.nl) about 100 EAS detector stations are distributed over the Netherlands and several neighboring countries. These stations are mostly placed on the roof of secondary schools, where they have been built by pupils to attract them towards STEM studies.</p><p>Each station consists of two or four detectors with 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> plastic scintillator plates to record the passage of the EAS. At coincidence, the scintillator signals are individually recorded, accurately timed with GPS. All data are sent to and collected at the NIKHEF institute (www.nikhef.nl) and made available (open-access) for further analysis by pupils and scientists.</p><p>The sensitivity of the detectors is commonly adjusted such that each detector records a few hundred hits per second. The number of coincidences within 1.5 μs is then about 1 in 3 seconds, in part due to an actual EAS, in part due to random local radioactive processes.</p><p>During intense rainfall of a particular summer storm several two-detector systems recorded an increase in the coincidence frequency of up to a factor of 7. When comparing different stations we could follow the associated storm front moving northwards over NL. Within the coincidence interval of 1.5 μs the increased individual signals of both detectors were evenly distributed. Actual EAS signals tend to be synchronous to within 100 ns. We therefor attribute the increase to random signals. As possible source we suggest gamma radiation due to radon daughters in the atmosphere that are washed out by the rain and accumulate on the roof close to the detectors. The delay between rain and signal increase is noted and in accordance with the washing process time.</p>

scholarly journals Measurements of jets in heavy ion collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Ion Collisions

The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created in high energy heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This medium is transparent to electromagnetic probes but nearly opaque to colored probes. Hard partons produced early in the collision fragment and hadronize into a collimated spray of particles called a jet. The partons lose energy as they traverse the medium, a process called jet quenching. Most of the lost energy is still correlated with the parent parton, contributing to particle production at larger angles and lower momenta relative to the parent parton than in proton-proton collisions. This partonic energy loss can be measured through several observables, each of which give different insights into the degree and mechanism of energy loss. The measurements to date are summarized and the path forward is discussed.

scholarly journals Transverse Momentum Distributions of Final-State Particles Produced in Soft Excitation Process in High Energy Collisions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Hu Liu ◽  
Ya-Hui Chen ◽  
Hua-Rong Wei ◽  
Bao-Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Final State ◽  
Momentum Distributions ◽  
High Energy Collisions

Transverse momentum distributions of final-state particles produced in soft process in proton-proton (pp) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies are studied by using a multisource thermal model. Each source in the model is treated as a relativistic and quantum ideal gas. Because the quantum effect can be neglected in investigation on the transverse momentum distribution in high energy collisions, we consider only the relativistic effect. The concerned distribution is finally described by the Boltzmann or two-component Boltzmann distribution. Our modeling results are in agreement with available experimental data.

scholarly journals Dependence of Temperatures and Kinetic Freeze-Out Volume on Centrality in Au-Au and Pb-Pb Collisions at High Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Fu-Hu Liu ◽  
Zafar Wazir
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Event Centrality ◽  
Momentum Spectra ◽  
Standard Distribution ◽  
Transverse Momentum Spectra ◽  
Freeze Out

Centrality-dependent double-differential transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged particles (π−, K−, and p¯) at the mid(pseudo)rapidity interval in nuclear collisions are analyzed by the standard distribution in terms of multicomponent. The experimental data measured in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are studied. The effective temperature, initial temperature, kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the fitting to transverse momentum spectra. We observed that the mentioned five quantities increase with the increase of event centrality due to the fact that the average transverse momentum increases with the increase of event centrality. This renders that larger momentum (energy) transfer and further multiple scattering had happened in central centrality.

SIMULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC MUON FLUX WITH CORSIKA

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6950-6952 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. DJEMIL ◽  
R. ATTALLAH ◽  
J. N. CAPDEVIELLE
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Atmospheric Muon ◽  
Simulation Package ◽  
Different Altitudes

We present in this paper the results of 3D-calculation of the atmospheric muon flux at different altitudes. We have used for this purpose the extensive air shower simulation package CORSIKA (v. 6.031) in combination with the hadronic interaction models VENUS (v. 4.12) at high energy (beyond 80 GeV) and GHEISHA (v. 2002) and UrQMD (v. 1.1) at lower energy. Our results are compared to data from different experiments (CAPRICE, BESS and HEAT). The correlation of the atmospheric muon flux to the primary zenith angle and primary energy is also investigated.

scholarly journals Determination of Zenith Angle Dependence of Incoherent Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Using Smartphones of the CREDO Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Michał Karbowiak ◽  
Tadeusz Wibig ◽  
David Alvarez Castillo ◽  
Dmitriy Beznosko ◽  
Alan R. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Class Room

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) was established to detect and study ultra high-energy cosmic ray particles. In addition to making use of traditional methods for finding rare and extended cosmic ray events such as professional-grade Extensive Air Shower (EAS) arrays, as well as educational ‘class-room’ detectors, CREDO also makes use of cameras in smartphones as particle detectors. Beyond the primary scientific goal of the CREDO project, to detect Cosmic Ray Ensembles, is the equally important educational goal of the project. To use smartphones for EAS detection, it is necessary to demonstrate that they are capable of effectively registering relativistic charged particles. In this article, we show that the events recorded in the CREDO project database are indeed tracing incoherent cosmic ray muons. The specific observed distribution of zenith angle of charged particle direction corresponds to that expected for muons. It is difficult, if not impossible, to imagine different mechanisms leading to such a distribution, and we believe it clearly demonstrates the suitability of smartphone-based detectors in supporting the more traditional cosmic ray detectors.

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