scholarly journals Effects of Single and Multi Openings in Brick Infills on the Seismic Response of Infilled RC Frames

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Maidiawati ◽  
Jafril Tanjung ◽  
Hamdeni Medriosa ◽  
Yulia Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Infilled Frames ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Infilled Frame ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Central Opening ◽  
Lateral Strength ◽  
Infilled Rc Frames

Many researchers have performed a lot of studies of the seismic behavior reinforced concrete (RC) frame with masonry infill. They found that masonry infill affects the lateral strength, stiffness and ductility performance of the RC frame structures. However, when openings appeared in the panel infill for door and windows, the responses of the overall structure are entirely changed. The primary purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the behavior of brick infilled RC frames possessing single opening and two openings. Four specimens of 1/4-scale single bay RC frames with brick infills were made that were one bare frame, one frame with full infill and two frames with infills having a central opening and two openings with the opening ratio of 25%. The specimens were tested under lateral reversed cyclic loads. Consequently, different responses of failure mechanism, lateral strength, stiffness and energy dissipated were observed among the specimens. The brick full infill failed in shear with propagation cracks in central part of the panel, but in the case of the infills with single and two openings, the cracks were dominated at the corners of the openings. The in-plane strength, stiffness and dissipated energy of infilled frames decreased when openings appeared in the panel. However, the seismic performance of brick infilled frame with the opening of 25% of panel area is better than those of bare frame. The brick infilled frames with a central opening and two openings are similar in lateral strength and dissipated energy. It seems that area and position of the openings control the seismic response to the overall infilled frame structure of the openings

scholarly journals Seismic performance of brick masonry infilled frame structures with bed joint reinforcements

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Maidiawati ◽  
Jafril Tanjung ◽  
Yulia Hayati ◽  
Agus ◽  
Satria Rangga
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Infilled Frame ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Lateral Strength ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Infilled Rc Frames ◽  
Reversed Cyclic

This paper presents the evaluation of the seismic performance of brick infilled RC frame structures with bed joint reinforcements based on reversed cyclic lateral load tests. Three specimens of the structural model of 1/4 scale-down single-story single-bay brick infilled RC frame was prepared, which were brick infilled RC frames with and without bed joint reinforcements. Two specimens of brick infills with bed joint reinforcements were different in the spacing of bed joint rebars. The specimens were tested by applying a reversed cyclic lateral loading in-plane direction. During the tests, the crack propagation was observed at the peak and residual drifts of each loading cycle to recognize the failure mechanisms of the specimens. As the results, although the use of the bed joint reinforcements ineffective to increase the lateral strength of the overall infilled frame structure. The rebars in mortar bed joints role to sustain the lateral strength in plastic deformation, and provide the whole structure with high ductility. It seemed that the rebars in mortar bed joints confined the brick infills. Therefore, the infilled RC frames can survive in large deformation without failure of the infills in out of the plane direction.

scholarly journals Lateral Stiffness of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frames with Central Opening

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Mondal ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Lateral Stiffness ◽  
Effective Width ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Infilled Frames ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Central Opening ◽  
Lateral Strength

Window and door openings are inevitable parts of infill walls for functional reasons. Currently, publications like FEMA-273 and ATC-40 contain provisions for the calculation of stiffness of solid infilled frames mainly by modeling infill as a “diagonal strut.” However, such provisions are not provided for infilled frames with openings. The present study proposes a reduction factor for effective width of diagonal strut over that of the solid reinforced concrete (RC) infilled frame to calculate its initial lateral stiffness when a central window opening is present. The study is based on initial lateral stiffness which is taken at 10% of the lateral strength of the infilled frames.

scholarly journals Effect of Lintel Beam on Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Semi-Interlocked and Unreinforced Brick Masonry Infills

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mangeshkumar R. Shendkar ◽  
Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni ◽  
Sasankasekhar Mandal ◽  
Pabitra Ranjan Maiti ◽  
Dipendra Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Response Reduction Factor ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Adaptive Pushover

The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with two types of brick infills viz., unreinforced brick masonry infill (URM) and semi-interlocked brick masonry infill (SIM) together with lintel beams, subjected to seismic loads. The seismic response is quantified in terms of response reduction factor and base shear. Infill walls are modeled using double strut nonlinear cyclic element. Nonlinear static adaptive pushover analysis is performed in the finite element program SeismoStruct. The response reduction factor (R) is computed from adaptive pushover analysis and performance for all models is obtained. The results showed that the average R factor of the RC framed structure with semi-interlocked masonry (SIM) is 1.31 times higher than the RC frame with unreinforced masonry (URM) infill. The R value of the bare frame with the lintel beam is found to be less than the corresponding value recommended in the Indian Standard Code. The results obtained in this study highlight that if the impacts of lintel beams and various brick infill scenarios are considered in the RC frames then the R values used for the design of RC frame buildings with infills would be underestimated (i.e., the evaluated R values are greater than the R values used for the design purpose).

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Masonry-infilled RC Frame

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana A. Filippou ◽  
Nicholas C. Kyriakides ◽  
Christis Z. Chrysostomou
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Rc Frame Structures ◽  
Infilled Rc Frames

Background: The behavior of masonry-infilled Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame structures during an earthquake, has attracted the attention of structural engineers since the 1950s. Experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the behavior of masonry-infilled RC frame under in-plane loading. Objective: This paper presents a numerical model of the behavior existing masonry-infilled RC frame that was studied experimentally at the University of Patra. The objective of the present study is to identify suitable numerical constitutive models for each component of the structural system in order to create a numerical tool to model the masonry infilled RC frames in-plane behavior by accounting the frame-infill separation. Methods: A 2D masonry-infilled RC frame was developed in DIANA Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software and an eigenvalue and nonlinear structural cyclic analyses were performed. It is a 2:3 scale three-story structure with non-seismic design and detailing, subjected to in-plane cyclic loading through displacement control analysis. Results: There is a good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results through a nonlinear cyclic analysis. It was found that the numerical model has the capability to predict the initial stiffness, the ultimate stiffness, the maximum shear-force capacity, cracking- patterns and the possible failure mode of masonry-infilled RC frame. Conclusion: Therefore, this model is a reliable model of the behavior of masonry-infilled RC frame under cyclic loading including the frame-infill separation (gap opening).

scholarly journals Numerical Modelling and Simulation of the In-Plane Response of a Three-Storey Masonry-Infilled RC Frame Retrofitted with TRM

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Christiana A. Filippou ◽  
Nicholas C. Kyriakides ◽  
Christis Z. Chrysostomou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Infilled Frame ◽  
Gap Opening

A numerical study was conducted to investigate the in-plane behavior of a masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame retrofitted with textile-reinforced mortar (TRM). A two-dimensional finite element model was developed using DIANA finite element analysis (FEA) software to simulate the 2 : 3 scaled three-storey masonry-infilled RC frame retrofitted with TRM that was studied experimentally in the past. The three-storey structure used in the test was with a nonseismic design and detailing, and was subjected to in-plane displacement-control cyclic loading. The current study evaluates the capabilities of a representative numerical model to simulate the results of the experimental test, and after the calibration of the numerical model sensitivity analysis and parametric study were performed. In order to create an accurate numerical model, suitable constitutive models, based on the smeared crack approach, were used to characterize the nonlinear response of concrete, masonry infill, and TRM. The calibration of the models was based on the experimental results or inverse fitting based on optimizing the simulation of the response. The numerical model proved capable of simulating the in-plane behavior of the retrofitted masonry-infilled RC frame with good accuracy in terms of initial stiffness, and its deterioration, shear capacity, and cracking patterns. The calibrated model was then used to perform sensitivity analysis in order to examine the influence of infill-frame interface properties (tangential and normal stiffness) on the behavior of the retrofitted infilled frame. The numerical results showed that the gap opening is influenced significantly by the stiffness of the interface. In addition, a parametric study was performed in order to evaluate the importance of the full-bond condition between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame. The numerical results indicate that the composite action between the TRM and the masonry-infilled RC frame improves the global stiffness and lateral resistance of the infilled frame, and it reduces the gap opening between the masonry infill and the RC frame.

An Improved Three-Strut Model for Masonry Infills in RC Frame Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4129-4132
Author(s):  
Chang Hai Zhai ◽  
Xiao Min Wang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Li Li Xie
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Infilled Frames ◽  
Infilled Frame ◽  
Masonry Infills ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Rc Frame Structures ◽  
Column Element

In Wenchuan Earthquake, masonry-infilled frames have the quite critical failures. In this paper, the reason of the failure phenomenon is analyzed and the influence of the infilled wall to performance of the frame is highlighted. An improved three-strut model for masonry-infilled frame structures is presented. Then, two RC frame specimens, which are modeled by the presented three-strut model and force-based beam-column element combined with fiber section considering compression-bending coupling in Opensees, are analyzed. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results. It is shown that the presented three-strut model is sufficient to simulate the performance of the infilled wall.

A Beam-and-Column Based Macro Model for Masonry Infill Walls in RC Frames under Cyclic Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Jia Chao Zhang ◽  
Lei Ming Zhang ◽  
Xi La Liu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Macro Model ◽  
Masonry Infill Walls ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Proposed Model

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame with masonry infill walls is a very common structural system in low and medium rise buildings. The infill walls are usually considered as non-structural components in the design or assessment of buildings. However, many damages in earthquakes have shown that the infill walls can significantly change the structural response to seismic action. Consequently the evaluation of the seismic performance of RC frame with masonry infill walls becomes very important, and also turns to be a major challenge for structure engineers. In this paper a beam-and-column (BAC) macro model for walls is proposed to simulate the masonry infill walls in RC frames. In this model, the masonry panel is replaced by an equivalent rigid frame which is made up of some beam-and-column members. The geometric parameters of each member can be determined simply by equivalent stiffness combined with the original dimensions of wall panel. The physical characteristics are described directly by material properties of wall panel under investigation. To validate the rationality of proposed model, a masonry-infilled RC frame under cyclic reversed loading is analyzed by the proposed model. The results, including crack pattern, load versus displacement relation are then compared with the experiment response. Good agreements are found.

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