Determination of non-hazardous areas in terms of seismic effect for the use of explosives in the open pit in safe conditions

In addition to the technical and economic advantages of blasting rocks from open-pit mining, this method of extraction can produce effects with a direct impact in the area near the open pit. Blasting works generates effects such as seismic waves that cause vibrations, rock throws, noise and toxic gases. When their intensity and scope are not systematically evaluated and analysed, blasting works can cause serious consequences for people, civil / industrial buildings, the environment, thus affecting the health of the population and the stability / integrity of the buildings / slopes in the vicinity of the mining operations. The paper presents design / determination methods of areas where explosives may / may not be used in conditions of maximum safety in terms of seismic intensity, thus protecting the population and the civil / industrial objectives in the area of the mining work. The obtained results are extracted from a research study carried out for the opening in operation of a new mining deposit, having as reference calculations and theoretical interpretations related to the conditions established for the development of the blasting works.

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Planetary fracturing and lineaments revealed in the Kovdor magnetite–apatite ore deposit by open pit mining

Gornyi Zhurnal ◽

10.17580/gzh.2020.12.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

I. B. Agarkov ◽

◽

I. M. Ignatenko ◽

V. A. Dunaev ◽

I. S. Kryuchkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Hard Rock ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Structural Mapping ◽

Remote Assessment ◽

Tectonic Origin

The analysis of the studies into fracturing of Zhelezny pitwall rock mass over the period from 1989 to 2019 proves that planetary fracturing is represented by faults, carbonatite dykes and single fractures oriented in the same direction as the prevailing regional lineaments on the Kola Peninsula. Planetary fracturing is assumed as a system of regular-oriented fractures. The planetary fracturing also includes lineaments of tectonic origin. The scientists think the faults registered in the pitwall rock mass and codirectional with the lineaments will accompany mining operations down to the full depth of the pit, up to the full extraction of magnetite–apatite ore reserves. While preparing this article, the authors have collected, generalized and analyzed the data of geological and structural mapping implemented by VIOGEM’s experts over the period from 1989 to 2019. VIOGEM’s procedure of geological and structural mapping ensures continuous documentation of extensional tectonics at high referencing accuracy (to 50 cm), as well as determination of inaccessible azimuths and angles of fractures by remote assessment of their orientations in pit walls using a laser scanner and photographic techniques to study the structure of hard rock mass and the behavior of permanent benches.

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Study on the influence of the deformation zones of the quarry sides on the rock mass movement

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130402002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 304 ◽

pp. 02002

Author(s):

Vokhid Kadirov ◽

Sherzod Karimov ◽

Uchqun Qushshayev ◽

Durdona Sharapova

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Mass Movement ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Features ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Rock Masses ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Dump Trucks ◽

The Stability

The article presents a study and analysis of the causes of deformation of the slopes and sides of the quarry indicates that the magnitude and nature of the deformation processes depend on the height of the ledge, the angle of slope of the slopes, the physical and mechanical properties, the lithological and structural features of the instrument array and the geodynamic activity of the fault zones. The influence of the deformation zones of the sides of the quarry on the transport of rock masses is justified. The zone of deformed masses of the ore deposit, which affect the movement of the rock mass, is studied. Each process performed in open pit mining is linked to another workflow. Without ensuring the safety of mining operations and performing the tasks set is impossible. Transportation of rock masses in the lower horizons of a deep quarry is one of the main tasks of the industry. At the same time, the removal of deformation and landslides in the area where the transport berm is being constructed for draining and continuous transportation is the main goal of the quarry. The stability of the transport berm depends directly on the stability of the side of the quarry. It is determined that the choice of a single-lane or twolane transport berm constructed for heavy-duty quarry dump trucks depends on the condition of the side of the quarry.

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Determination of the working area of a hydraulic excavator

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017703016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 177 ◽

pp. 03016

Author(s):

Nikolay Suslov ◽

Stanislav Chernukhin

Keyword(s):

Center Of Mass ◽

Hydraulic Drive ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Movement Mechanism ◽

Walking Mechanism

The article discusses the mechanisms of walking used on dragline excavators. The disadvantages of each mechanism are identified and based on this, the most promising movement mechanism is selected – a three-legged walking mechanism with a hydraulic drive. For this mechanism, the main disadvantages are also identified. The following is a technical solution that allows you to save this mechanism from the main drawback – the need to raise the center of mass of the excavator to a significant height to ensure the maximum step value. The technical solution includes the presence of a flat hydrostatic support that allows to increase the efficiency of the mechanism in open-pit mining operations. The calculation of oil consumption through a flat hydrostatic support in the conditions of its use on quarry soils with different bearing capacity is made.

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Determination of bench, dump and road sliding wedge technological parameters

Mining science and technology ◽

10.17073/2500-0632-2021-1-31-41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41

Author(s):

I. K. Chunuev ◽

Yu. M. Levkin ◽

Zh. Bolotbekov

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Slope Stability ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Dump Truck ◽

Transport Equipment ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Stability Calculation ◽

Mine Surveying

Mine surveying in mining operations is of particular importance, since all technological processes of the full life cycle of a mining enterprise and, ultimately, its competitiveness depend on the surveying quality, efficiency and reliability. Organizations independently determine the structure of mine surveying services, taking into account the methods applied and the scale of mining. To ensure safe open-pit mining of minerals, it is necessary to permanently assess and monitor the pit bench and wall rock mass condition. Misjudgement of rock physical and mechanical properties, non-observance of the minerals mining and transportation process cycle, changes in climatic conditions and other problems lead to loss of stability of rocks in all parts of an open pit, including in the areas of ore production and mining and transport equipment operation. The existing practice shows that the effectiveness of an open pit wall and bench stability calculation can be achieved using a technique that should take into account the slope deformation and failure mechanism, as well as the nature of the stress-strain state of the open pit rock mass. The studies presented in the paper are based on comparative analysis of the sliding wedge parameters for benches, dumps and roads at open pits using analytical and graphical software packages, and taking into account the static load produced by dump trucks. The study findings allow to establish that: determination of the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width, performed by the analytical method, gives higher accuracy results than those obtained by the graphical method; the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width depend not only on the rock physical and mechanical condition, but also on the bench height, the dump truck (plus its freight load) weight per 1 linear meter of the placement area, the distance from the slope edge and other factors; the rock mass is stable and not subject to landslide phenomena for as long as the sum of the holding forces is greater than or equal to the sum of the shearing forces; when using large-sized transport equipment of nonstandard weight in open-pit mining, it is necessary to calculate the safe width of the sliding wedges, taking into account the loads on them (per 1 linear meter), the values of which can be 1.5–2.0 times higher than those calculated for the circular-cylindrical sliding surface.

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Current state and perspectives in automation of the open pit mining operations

MINING INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL BULLETIN ◽

10.25018/0236-1493-2019-8-30-115-123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (30) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

A.A. Sobolev ◽

◽

G.V. Sekisov ◽

A.Yu. Cheban ◽

N.M. Litvinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Current State

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On the Measures to Solve Environmental Problems of the Territory with Intensive Open Pit Coal Mining

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910502006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Tatiana Gvozdkova ◽

Pawel Stefanek ◽

Michaela Koščová

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Disturbed Land ◽

Ecological Problems ◽

Suitable Form

Ecological problems in the open pit mining of coal deposits are extremely hard, since mining operations are accompanied by disturbed land to a large depth with significant changes in the landscape, hydrometeorological conditions, mixing of rocks and removal of infertile or even harmful rocks with radioactive isotopes to the surface. Disturbed lands are unusable if they are not repaired. All man-made disturbances of the environment caused by open pit mining are divided into landscape (changes in terrain, vegetation and soil cover) and environmental (violation of living conditions within the allotment and adjacent lands: changes in water regime, pollution of the soil, air and water basins) onesOne of the most important areas in the field of environmental protection is the reclamation (restoration) of the earth’s surface. In accordance with the requirements of the protection of the subsoil, enterprises engaged in the development of mineral deposits are obliged at their own expense to bring disturbed lands into a state suitable form for their further use. Reclamation of ought to be carried out during open pit mining operations and must be completed after mining of mineral resources in the terms established by the authorities that provide land for use.

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A GIS Software Module for Environmental Impact Assessment of the Open Pit Mining Projects for Small Mining Operators in Kazakhstan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6971

Author(s):

Mikhail Zarubin ◽

Larissa Statsenko ◽

Pavel Spiridonov ◽

Venera Zarubina ◽

Noune Melkoumian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Environmental Impact Assessment ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Software Module ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Gis Software

This research article presents a software module for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of open pit mines. The EIA software module has been developed based on the comprehensive examination of both country-specific (namely, Kazakhstan) and current international regulatory frameworks, legislation and EIA methodologies. EIA frameworks and methods have been critically evaluated, and mathematical models have been developed and implemented in the GIS software module ‘3D Quarry’. The proposed methodology and software module allows for optimised EIA calculations of open pit mines, aiming to minimise the negative impacts on the environment. The study presents an original methodology laid out as a basis for a software module for environmental impact assessment on atmosphere, water basins, soil and subsoil, tailored to the context of mining operations in Kazakhstan. The proposed software module offers an alternative to commercial off-the-shelf software packages currently used in the mining industry and is suitable for small mining operators in post-Soviet countries. It is anticipated that applications of the proposed software module will enable the transition to sustainable development in the Kazakh mining industry.

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