Roald Amundsen's Arctic research role in the development of Geophysics: the case of the 1903-1906 expedition

The paper discusses Roald Amundsen’s discoveries in the sphere of knowledge about the Earth’s magnetic field, made during the Arctic expedition of 1903-1906. A historical overview of previous discoveries made by scientists in the process of studying Geomagnetism is given. The research is based on the study and analysis of R. Amundsen’s memoirs about the expedition. The authors consistently consider the stages of the expedition along the Northwest passage in 1903-1906 and its results. The significance of the geomagnetic characteristics obtained in this expedition is shown. Attention is paid to the phenomenon of magnetic poles drift, and the process of its discovery is described in detail. Amundsen’s discovery of magnetic drift gave an invaluable impetus for further Geomagnetism development, which is also briefly considered. Observations made by Roald Amundsen helped to take a new look at the existing scientific picture of the world, to challenge the traditional model of the Earth structure and to construct a new and, in many ways, revolutionary scheme. As a result of the research, the authors of the paper come to the conclusion that the expedition of 1903-1906 is one of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of that time, also in the sphere of Geophysics. Scientists processed the recorded characteristics of the magnetic field in the Arctic until the 30s of the 20th century. This huge flow of data allowed to supplement the existing maps with magnetic declination and inclination readings in the studied area, and thus to simplify further development of the Arctic region.

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Arctic Communication System Development as a Factor of Guaranteed Access Maintenance to Strategic Resources

Management Science ◽

10.26794/2304-022x-2018-8-3-6-19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 6-19

Author(s):

V. F. Bogachev ◽

S. Yu. Kozmenko ◽

A. B. Teslya ◽

A. A. Shchegolkova

Keyword(s):

Communication System ◽

New Technologies ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

The Arctic ◽

Main Task ◽

Strategic Resources ◽

The Impact ◽

Further Development ◽

The Arctic Region

The development of new technologies, reducing the economic and physical costs of access to the unique resources of the Arctic, has simultaneously identified a set of interrelated economic and geopolitical problems arising during the Arctic territory development. Therefore, the subject of research of the article is the problem of the Arctic communication system formation, without which the further development of the region is not possible. The authors tried to substantiate the priority directions of the development of the communication system of the Arctic region with the aim to ensure continuous mobile access to strategically significant resources of the region in the current economic and geopolitical tendencies. The article proves that the main task of developing the Arctic should be to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic region, which can not be achieved without the formation of an adequate level of a system of transport communications which meets the set goals and objectives of the development of the territories. Limited resources with a significant amount of required initial capital investment require an informed choice of priority investment areas, “points of growth” of the system of communications formed. The main conclusion is that the provision of operational access to the strategic resources of the Arctic is impossible without further development of the transport communications system in the region, and first of all the marine transport infrastructure (in particular, the Northern Sea route). At the same time, the impact of the redistribution of traffic flows on various aspects of the region's livelihoods, including the labor market and the social sphere, requires a separate study.

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Norwway’s Arctic security policy: agenda of 2019

Право и политика ◽

10.7256/2454-0706.2020.2.30332 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-35

Author(s):

Andrei Andreevich Kovalev

Keyword(s):

Security Policy ◽

Arctic Region ◽

The United States ◽

The Arctic ◽

Positive Role ◽

Military Presence ◽

Arctic Security ◽

Arctic Policy ◽

Further Development ◽

The Arctic Region

The goal of this article consists in comprehensive analysis of the domestic and foreign security policy of Norway in the regions of Norwegian Arctic and Northern Norway. This work explores the geographical peculiarities and economy of the regions; questions of international cooperation, impacting the domestic policy as a whole and Arctic policy in particular; Norway’s military interests and military presence of NATO and the United States in the region of Norwegian Arctic. Attention is given to the relations between Norway and Russia, since they influence the overall balance between countries in the Arctic region. The conducted analysis demonstrates that Arctic region is strategically important for Norway from the perspectives of both, domestic and foreign policy. Norway plans to pay attention to respect nation’s sovereignty, which is necessary for successful development of the region, its economy, security, and conducting scientific research in the Arctic. Norway’s Arctic policy is closely tied to relations with Russia and NATO member-states, and its further development on this vector can play a positive role for the entire global community. Carrying out dual policy with regards to Russia, Norway welcomes the strengthening of military presence of the NATO countries in the region.                                                          

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Magnetic field of the Hot Earth. Reversals, magnetic anomalies and mechanism of the magnetic poles drift.

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912702014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 02014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir Kuznetsov

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Hall Current ◽

Double Electric Layer ◽

The Earth ◽

Planets And Satellites ◽

Magnetic Poles ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Heat Released ◽

Insight Into ◽

Diurnal Rotation

Principally new model of the magnetic field of the Hot Earth is proposed. Unlike the commonly accepted approach which considers that the Earth’s temperature doesn’t increase because heat released under selfgravitation is removed through radiation our model assumes that early substance of the Earth heated up to 30 000 K was a superheated and overcompressed vapour. Cooling the Earth substance was condensing. The system was expanding adiabatically that governed the character of the Earth enlargement. This scheme origins from the phase transition (PT) of condensation-evaporation under the benefit of condensation. PT provides the heat, geodynamics of expansion and the Earth’s magnetic field (EMF). The high temperature of the substance causes its thermoionization, whereas PT operation relating to mass transfer initiates charges separation and generation of the double electric layer (DEL). A diurnal rotation of DEL induces a weak initial EMF which enhances then at the expense of the Hall dynamo (Hall current) inside PT area. The benefit of evaporation causes the Earth compression and reversal of the EMF polarity. The approach we develop provides an insight into features of the magnetic field of the planets and satellites at the Sun system.

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