scholarly journals Application of the corridor management principle to the organization of the trans-Siberian railway

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00040
Author(s):  
Daria A. Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Management Principle ◽  
Distance Transport

The article is focused on assessing the possibility of adapting the world experience of managing the transport corridor, including international ones, to the process of organizing and managing the Eastern railway polygon. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of implementing the corridor management principle on the basis of the Trans-Siberian railway in terms of competitive interactability with the railways of Europe, East and Central Asia in the framework of international transport construction projects. Conditions and prerequisites for achieving commercial return of transport construction projects and integration in terms of priority areas, types of cargo, types of rolling stock and the role of international transport integration in achieving the goals of socio-economic development of the regions have been revealed. It has been determined that the orientation to long-distance transport of bulk cargo hinders the implementation of the principle of corridor management on the Trans-Siberian Railway. It has also been proven that a vertically integrated structure with a network of unequal functional and territorial branches with fundamentally different goals hinders the possibility of ensuring non-discriminatory access to the railway transport infrastructure and specifically for intermodal transport operators. As a summary, the paper presents the key directions of improving the Trans-Siberian railway management and organization system to ensure competitiveness, obtain positive effects from the implementation of projects for organizing railway polygons, as well as effective integration into projects for the development of international transport corridors.

The Role of Amino Acids in the Long-Distance Transport of La and Y in the Xylem Sap of Tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-liang Wu ◽  
Zheng-gui Wei ◽  
Hai-yan Zhao ◽  
Hui-xin Li ◽  
Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

scholarly journals Myosin-V, Kinesin-1, and Kinesin-3 Cooperate in Hyphal Growth of the FungusUstilago maydis

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 5191-5201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Schuchardt ◽  
Daniela Aßmann ◽  
Eckhard Thines ◽  
Christian Schuberth ◽  
Gero Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Conventional Kinesin ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Distance Transport

Long-distance transport is crucial for polar-growing cells, such as neurons and fungal hyphae. Kinesins and myosins participate in this process, but their functional interplay is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of kinesin motors in hyphal growth of the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Although the microtubule plus-ends are directed to the hyphal tip, of all 10 kinesins analyzed, only conventional kinesin (Kinesin-1) and Unc104/Kif1A-like kinesin (Kinesin-3) were up-regulated in hyphae and they are essential for extended hyphal growth. Δkin1 and Δkin3 mutant hyphae grew irregular and remained short, but they were still able to grow polarized. No additional phenotype was detected in Δkin1rkin3 double mutants, but polarity was lost in Δmyo5rkin1 and Δmyo5rkin3 mutant cells, suggesting that kinesins and class V myosin cooperate in hyphal growth. Consistent with such a role in secretion, fusion proteins of green fluorescent protein and Kinesin-1, Myosin-V, and Kinesin-3 accumulate in the apex of hyphae, a region where secretory vesicles cluster to form the fungal Spitzenkörper. Quantitative assays revealed a role of Kin3 in secretion of acid phosphatase, whereas Kin1 was not involved. Our data demonstrate that just two kinesins and at least one myosin support hyphal growth.

scholarly journals Enigmatic clusters of sandstone boulders on plateaus of the Stołowe Mountains (Sudetes, south-west Poland) – their geoheritage and geotouristic value

Geologos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Piotr Migoń ◽  
Krzysztof Parzóch
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clastic Sedimentary ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Plateau Level

Abstract Among sites of geomorphological interest in the tableland of the Stołowe Mountains, consisting of clastic sedimentary rocks of Late Cretaceous age, are enigmatic occurrences and clusters of sandstone boulders within plateau levels that are underlain by mudstones and marls. These boulders are allochthonous, having been derived from the quartz sandstone beds that support the upper plateau level and stratigraphically are in excess of 50 m above the altitudinal position of the boulders. Topographic conditions preclude long-distance transport from the escarpment slopes; boulders are hypothesised to be the last remnants of completely degraded outliers (mesas) of the upper plateau. Their present-day altitudinal position is explained by passive ‘settling’ following disintegration of caprock and denudation of the underlying weaker rocks. Two localities are here presented in detail, Łężyckie Skałki and Pustelnik, along with adjacent boulder trains in the valleys incised into the plateau. It is argued that both localities have considerable geoheritage value and both play the role of geosites, although on-site facilities are so far limited. However, the complex history of boulders sets a series of challenges for successful geo-interpretation.

scholarly journals Cut and paste – Efficient cotyledon micrografting for Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bartusch ◽  
Jana Trenner ◽  
Marcel Quint
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Plant Seedlings

AbstractCotyledon micrografting represents a very useful tool for studying the central role of cotyledons during early plant development, especially their interplay with other plant organs with regard to long distance transport. While hypocotyl grafting methods are established, cotyledon grafting is still inefficient. By optimizing cotyledon micrografting, we aim for higher success rates and increased throughput in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. We established a cut and paste cotyledon surgery procedure on a flat solid but moist surface which improved handling of small plant seedlings. Applying a specific cutting and joining pattern throughput was increased up to 40 seedlings per hour. The combination of short day conditions and low light intensities for germination and long day plus high light intensities and vertical plate positioning after grafting significantly increased ‘ligation’ efficiency. Together, we achieved up to 46 % grafting success in A. thaliana. Reconnection of vasculature was shown by successful transport of a vasculature-specific dye across the grafting site. On a whole plant level, plants with grafted cotyledons match plants with intact cotyledons in biomass production and rosette development. This cut and paste cotyledon-to-petiole grafting protocol simplifies the handling of plant seedlings in surgery, increases the number of grafted plants per hour and produces higher success rates for A. thaliana seedlings. The developed cotyledon micrografting method is also suitable for other plant species of comparable size.

scholarly journals The role of roots and rhizosphere in providing tolerance to toxic metals and metalloids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Podar ◽  
Frans J.M. Maathuis
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Distance Transport

Human activity and natural processes have led to widespread dissemination of metals and metalloids, many of which are toxic and have a negative impact on agronomic production. Roots, as the first point of contact, are essential in endowing plants with tolerance to excess metal(loid) in the soil. The most important root responses include: adaptation of transport processes that affect uptake, efflux and long distance transport of metal(loid)s; metal(loid) detoxification within root cells via conjugation to thiol rich compounds and subsequent sequestration in the vacuole; plasticity in root architecture; the presence of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere that impact on metal(loid) bioavailability; the role of root exudates. In this review we will provide details on these processes and assess their relevance for the detoxification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and zinc. Furthermore, we will assess if any of these methodologies has been tested in field conditions and whether they are effective in terms of improving crop metal(loid) tolerance.

scholarly journals Unravelling the involvement of cilevirus p32 protein in the viral transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro ◽  
Juliana Freitas-Astúa ◽  
Elliot Watanabe Kitajima ◽  
Vicente Pallás ◽  
Jesús A. Sánchez-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Functional Study ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Citrus Leprosis ◽  
Distance Transport

AbstractCitrus leprosis (CL) is a severe disease that affects citrus orchards mainly in Latin America. It is caused by Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses from genera Cilevirus and Dichorhavirus. Currently, no reports have explored the movement machinery for the cilevirus. Here, we have performed a detailed functional study of the p32 movement protein (MP) of two cileviruses. Citrus leprosis-associated viruses are not able to move systemically in neither their natural nor experimental host plants. However, here we show that cilevirus MPs are able to allow the cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of movement-defective alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Several features related with the viral transport were explored, including: (i) the ability of cilevirus MPs to facilitate virus movement on a nucleocapsid assembly independent-manner; (ii) the generation of tubular structures from transient expression in protoplast; (iii) the capability of the N- and C- terminus of MP to interact with the cognate capsid protein (p29) and; (iv) the role of the C-terminus of p32 in the cell-to-cell and long-distance transport, tubule formation and the MP-plasmodesmata co-localization. The MP was able to direct the p29 to the plasmodesmata, whereby the C-terminus of MP is independently responsible to recruit the p29 to the cell periphery. Furthermore, we report that MP possess the capacity to enter the nucleolus and to bind to a major nucleolar protein, the fibrillarin. Based on our findings, we provide a model for the role of the p32 in the intra- and intercellular viral spread.

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