Indoxyl Sulfate–Lowering Capacity of Oral Sorbents Affects the Prognosis of Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Taki ◽  
Toshimitsu Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Indoxyl Sulfate ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Curcumin Ameliorates Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badreldin H. Ali ◽  
Suhail Al-Salam ◽  
Yousuf Al Suleimani ◽  
Jamila Al Kalbani ◽  
Shadia Al Bahlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Autoclaved Diets on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Annabel Biruete ◽  
Shruthi Srinivasan ◽  
Kalisha D. O’Neill ◽  
Colby J. Vorland ◽  
Kathleen M. Hill Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽  
Bone Disorder ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Autoclaving rodent diets is common in laboratory animals, but autoclaving increases the formation of dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGE). We studied the effect of autoclaved (AC) diet alone or in combination with a diet high in bioavailable phosphorus on biochemistries of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), intestinal gene expression, and oxidative stress. Methods: Male CKD rats (Cy/+) and normal littermates were fed 1 of 3 diets: AC 0.7% phosphorus grain-based diet for 28 weeks (AC); AC diet for 17 weeks followed by non-autoclaved (Non-AC) 0.7% phosphorus casein diet until 28 weeks (AC + Casein); or Non-AC diet for 16 weeks followed by a Non-AC purified diet until 30 weeks (Non-AC + Casein). Results: AC diets contained ~3× higher AGEs and levels varied depending on the location within the autoclave. Rats fed the AC and AC + Casein diets had higher total AGEs and oxidative stress, irrespective of kidney function. Kidney function was more severely compromised in CKD rats fed AC or AC + Casein compared to Non-AC + Casein. There was a disease-by-diet interaction for plasma phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and c-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23, driven by high values in the CKD rats fed the AC + Casein diet. Compared to Non-AC + Casein, AC and AC + Casein-fed groups had increased expression of receptor of AGEs and intestinal NADPH oxidase dual oxidase-2, independent of kidney function. Conclusions: Autoclaving rodent diets impacts the progression of CKD and CKD-MBD, highlighting the critical importance of standardizing diets in experiments.

scholarly journals Indoxyl-Sulfate-Induced Redox Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Chien-Lin Lu ◽  
Cai-Mei Zheng ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu ◽  
Min-Tser Liao ◽  
Kun-Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Indoxyl Sulfate ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury

The accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) induces target organ damage in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and causes complications including cardiovascular diseases, renal osteodystrophy, muscle wasting, and anemia. IS stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CKD, which impairs glomerular filtration by a direct cytotoxic effect on the mesangial cells. IS further reduces antioxidant capacity in renal proximal tubular cells and contributes to tubulointerstitial injury. IS-induced ROS formation triggers the switching of vascular smooth muscular cells to the osteoblastic phenotype, which induces cardiovascular risk. Low-turnover bone disease seen in early CKD relies on the inhibitory effects of IS on osteoblast viability and differentiation, and osteoblastic signaling via the parathyroid hormone. Excessive ROS and inflammatory cytokine releases caused by IS directly inhibit myocyte growth in muscle wasting via myokines’ effects. Moreover, IS triggers eryptosis via ROS-mediated oxidative stress, and elevates hepcidin levels in order to prevent iron flux in circulation in renal anemia. Thus, IS-induced oxidative stress underlies the mechanisms in CKD-related complications. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms of how IS mediates oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CKD’s complications. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential role of oral AST-120 in attenuating IS-mediated oxidative stress after gastrointestinal adsorption of the IS precursor indole.

scholarly journals Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Margiotta ◽  
Lara Caldiroli ◽  
Maria Luisa Callegari ◽  
Francesco Miragoli ◽  
Francesca Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
European Working ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We determined gut microbiota (gMB) composition in CKD patients with or without sarcopenia. Furthermore, we investigated whether in these patients, there was any association between gMB, uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods: We analyzed gMB composition, uremic toxins (indoxyl sulphate and p-cresyl sulphate), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 17, interleukin 12 p70, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and fetuin-A) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) of 64 elderly CKD patients (10 < eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, not on dialysis) categorized as sarcopenic and not-sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was defined according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Results: Sarcopenic patients had a greater abundance of the Micrococcaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae families and of Megasphaera, Rothia, Veillonella, Akkermansia and Coprobacillus genera. They had a lower abundance of the Gemellaceae and Veillonellaceae families and of Acidaminococcus and Gemella genera. GMB was associated with uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines and MDA. However, uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines and MDA were not different in sarcopenic compared with not-sarcopenic individuals, except for interleukin 10, which was higher in not-sarcopenic patients. Conclusions: In older CKD patients, gMB was different in sarcopenic than in not-sarcopenic ones. Several bacterial families and genera were associated with uremic toxins and inflammatory cytokines, although none of these latter substantially different in sarcopenic versus not-sarcopenic patients.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Oxidative Stress Are Altered in Chronic Kidney Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0159411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith G. Avin ◽  
Neal X. Chen ◽  
Jason M. Organ ◽  
Chad Zarse ◽  
Kalisha O’Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Alteration and association between serum ACE2/ angiotensin(1-7)/Mas axis and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (31) ◽  
pp. e21492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqian Shi ◽  
Keda Lu ◽  
Hong Xia ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Misdistribution of iron and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nakanishi ◽  
Takahiro Kuragano ◽  
Masayoshi Nanami ◽  
Yasuyuki Nagasawa ◽  
Yukiko Hasuike
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Impacts of Indoxyl Sulfate and p-Cresol Sulfate on Chronic Kidney Disease and Mitigating Effects of AST-120

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Yasuhiko Tomino ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Indoxyl Sulfate ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions

Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol, or p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), are markedly accumulated in the organs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. These toxins can induce inflammatory reactions and enhance oxidative stress, prompting glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, to aggravate the decline of renal function. Consequently, uremic toxins play an important role in the worsening of renal and cardiovascular functions. Furthermore, they destroy the quantity and quality of bone. Oral sorbent AST-120 reduces serum levels of uremic toxins in CKD patients by adsorbing the precursors of IS and PCS generated by amino acid metabolism in the intestine. Accordingly, AST-120 decreases the serum IS levels and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species by endothelial cells, to impede the subsequent oxidative stress. This slows the progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases and improves bone metabolism in CKD patients. Although large-scale studies showed no obvious benefits from adding AST-120 to the standard therapy for CKD patients, subsequent sporadic studies may support its use. This article summarizes the mechanisms of the uremic toxins, IS, and PCS, and discusses the multiple effects of AST-120 in CKD patients.

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