Chronic inflammation and cancer: potential role of Bcl-2 gene family members as regulators of cellular antioxidant status

The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.

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Potential role of glutathione peroxidase gene family in peach fruit ripening under combined postharvest treatment with heat and 1-MCP

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.08.016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Chen Huan ◽

Li Jiang ◽

Xiujuan An ◽

Ruoyi Kang ◽

Mingliang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Gene Family ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Potential Role ◽

Peach Fruit ◽

Peroxidase Gene ◽

Postharvest Treatment

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The Three Clades of the Telomere-AssociatedTLOGene Family of Candida albicans Have Different Splicing, Localization, and Expression Features

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00230-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1268-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Matthew Z. Anderson ◽

Joshua A. Baller ◽

Keely Dulmage ◽

Lauren Wigen ◽

Judith Berman

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Gene Family ◽

Transcription Regulation ◽

Family Members ◽

Gene Products ◽

Content Type ◽

Human Host ◽

Wide Range ◽

N Terminus

ABSTRACTCandida albicansgrows within a wide range of host niches, and this adaptability enhances its success as a commensal and as a pathogen. The telomere-associatedTLOgene family underwent a recent expansion from one or two copies in other CUG clade members to 14 expressed copies inC. albicans. This correlates with increased virulence and clinical prevalence relative to those of otherCandidaclade species. The 14 expressedTLOgene family members have a conserved Med2 domain at the N terminus, suggesting a role in general transcription. The C-terminal half is more divergent, distinguishing three clades: clade α and clade β have no introns and encode proteins that localize primarily to the nucleus; clade γ sometimes undergoes splicing, and the gene products localize within the mitochondria as well as the nuclei. Additionally,TLOα genes are generally expressed at much higher levels than areTLOγ genes. We propose that expansion of theTLOgene family and the predicted role of Tlo proteins in transcription regulation provideC. albicanswith the ability to adapt rapidly to the broad range of different environmental niches within the human host.

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Potential role of the N-MYC downstream-regulated gene family in reprogramming cancer metabolism under hypoxia

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.10684 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (35) ◽

pp. 57442-57451 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ga Young Lee ◽

Yang-Sook Chun ◽

Hyun-Woo Shin ◽

Jong-Wan Park

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Cancer Metabolism ◽

Potential Role

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The system of nitrogen oxide generation of small intestine in experimental gastroenterocolitis

Bukovinian Medical Herald ◽

10.24061/2413-0737.xviii.2.70.2014.83 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽

Author(s):

A. S. Tkachenko ◽

V. H. Hopkalov ◽

M. A. Orlova

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Potential Role ◽

Food Additive ◽

Enos Activity ◽

Microcirculatory Disorders

The activity of endothelial and inducible NO-synthases and the content of S-nitrosothiols were studied in the small intestine homogenates of rats with chronic experimental gastroenterocolitis caused by food additive carrageenan intake during 2 and 4 weeks. It was established that carrageenan intake during 2 weeks led to a decrease of eNOS activity and increased the activity of iNOS in small intestine homogenate, causing increased production of NO and, therefore of Snitrosothiols. A decreased NO synthesis in four-week use of carrageenan indicated a potential role of NO deficiency in the development of microcirculatory disorders and chronic inflammation.

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Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of invertase gene family for abiotic stresses tolerance in Poncirus trifoliata

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03337-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bachar Dahro ◽

Yue Wang ◽

Ahmed Alhag ◽

Chunlong Li ◽

Dayong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Family Members ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Cold Tolerant

Abstract Background Sucrose (Suc) hydrolysis is directly associated with plants tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Invertase (INV) enzymes irreversibly catalyze Suc degradation to produce glucose (Glc) and fructose (Frc). However, genome-wide identification and function of individual members of the INV gene family in Poncirus trifoliata or its Citrus relatives in response to abiotic stresses are not fully understood. Results In this report, fourteen non-redundant PtrINV family members were identified in P. trifoliata including seven alkaline/neutral INV genes (PtrA/NINV1–7), two vacuolar INV genes (PtrVINV1–2), and five cell wall INV isoforms (PtrCWINV1–5). A comprehensive analysis based on the biochemical characteristics, the chromosomal location, the exon–intron structures and the evolutionary relationships demonstrated the conservation and the divergence of PtrINVs. In addition, expression analysis of INV genes during several abiotic stresses in various tissues indicated the central role of A/NINV7 among INV family members in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that high accumulation of Suc, Glc, Frc and total sugar contents were directly correlated with the elevated activities of soluble INV enzymes in the cold-tolerant P. trifoliata, C. ichangensis and C. sinensis, demonstrating the potential role of soluble INV enzymes for the cold tolerance of Citrus. Conclusions This work offered a framework for understanding the physiological role of INV genes and laid a foundation for future functional studies of these genes in response to abiotic stresses.

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The Indaba in African Values-Based Practice

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

C.W. van Staden ◽

K. W. M. Fulford

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Potential Role ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Family Members ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Her Family ◽

African Context ◽

Key Features ◽

Communicative Processes

This chapter shows how a particular kind of meeting, called in isiZulu the indaba, contributes toBatho Pele, an African values-based practice. First, it explores the challenge of values diversity, including what it means to respect diversity of values, and the different responses to the challenge from regulatory ethics and from values-based practice. It then explores the challenge of diversity in an African context through the story of a real (though biographically disguised) person, Ms. Precious Pelo, her family members and clinicians. Ms. Pelo’s story shows the need for substantive (process-focused) rather than merely executive (outcomes-focused) communicative processes in responding to the challenge of values diversity in clinical decision-making. Finally, it describes part of an indaba convened for Ms. Pelo, its opening minutes illustrating many of the key features ofBatho Pele. We conclude with an indication of the potential role of indabas in other areas of values-based practice.

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Role of Murine Cytomegalovirus US22 Gene Family Members in Replication in Macrophages

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.77.10.5557-5570.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (10) ◽

pp. 5557-5570 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Carine Ménard ◽

Markus Wagner ◽

Zsolt Ruzsics ◽

Karina Holak ◽

Wolfram Brune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Family Members ◽

Cell Types ◽

Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽

Sequence Motifs ◽

Gene Deletions ◽

Conserved Sequence ◽

Growth Properties ◽

Growth Phenotype

ABSTRACT The large cytomegalovirus (CMV) US22 gene family, found in all betaherpesviruses, comprises 12 members in both human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Conserved sequence motifs suggested a common ancestry and related functions for these gene products. Two members of this family, m140 and m141, were recently shown to affect MCMV replication on macrophages. To test the role of all US22 members in cell tropism, we analyzed the growth properties in different cell types of MCMV mutants carrying transposon insertions in all 12 US22 gene family members. When necessary, additional targeted mutants with gene deletions, ATG deletions, and ectopic gene revertants were constructed. Mutants with disruption of genes M23, M24, m25.1, m25.2, and m128 (ie2) showed no obvious growth phenotype, whereas growth of M43 mutants was reduced in a number of cell lines. Genes m142 and m143 were shown to be essential for virus replication. Growth of mutants with insertions into genes M36, m139, m140, and m141 in macrophages was severely affected. The common phenotype of the m139, m140, and m141 mutants was explained by an interaction at the protein level. The M36-dependent macrophage growth phenotype could be explained by the antiapoptotic function of the gene that was required for growth on macrophages but not for growth on other cell types. Together, the comprehensive set of mutants of the US22 gene family suggests that individual family members have diverged through evolution to serve a variety of functions for the virus.

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