Teaching foreign languages taking into account the variety of types of communicative activity

The article deals with the key aspects of teaching foreign languages, taking into account the variety of types of communicative activity. It is known for certain that the leading communicative characteristic of language communication is its dualism, i.e. the presence in any separate act of communication of two participants and, accordingly, two communicative processes: the transmission or production of a language message and its reception. The processes of transmitting and receiving language messages can be separated by arbitrarily large intervals of space and time. The very two-sidedness of language communication determines the presence of different roles performed by the individuals involved in it. Each of these roles, which we will call types of communicative or linguistic activity, is a complex psychophysiological complex with pronounced specificity. The distinction between productive and receptive in linguistic communication is, therefore, not a terminological excess, but a fact of paramount importance, arising from the very nature of linguistic information exchange. Communication has many features that it would be right to take into account when teaching the acquired language. Such forms of speech activity as production and receiving have a different nature of origin and existence. An invaluable help in teaching foreign languages for the successful solution of these tasks is to conduct a number of lexicographic and phonetic-grammatical studies.

STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY:DIGITAL REALITY

There are analysed the modern tendencies of changes of communicative processes under the influence of digitalization in the interaction of institutes of civil society and the state. Based on the analysis of the interaction between the state and civil society in digital reality, there has been studied the process of transformation of public authorities. There are determined main directions and problems of transformation. There is emphasis on identifying more effective forms of feedback between public authorities and civil society.

A integração conceptual como uma máquina de Carnot no processamento de informações com finalidade à comunicação | Conceptual integration as a Carnot machine in the processing of information for the purpose of communication

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo um paralelismo epistemológico entre a integração de conceitos (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002) e a eficiência de uma máquina termodinâmica (CARNOT, 1824). Nossa hipótese é a de que o comportamento linguístico equivalha a um sistema adaptativo complexo (DUQUE, 2016),com eficiência máxima em seus processos comunicativos,tal qual uma máquina termodinâmica. Com base em nosso objeto,a saber, as redes de integração conceptual (SILVA, 2019), percebemos que o ser humano mistura conceitos a partir de muitas frentes de informação (frames) e compõe uma estrutura conceptual nova, fruto da amálgama de informações desses frames. Assim, baseando-nos emum método qualitativo, apoiado na visão de Silverman (2000), concluímos que a rede de integração conceptual funciona de forma semelhante a uma máquina térmica de Carnot, na qual elementos são processados de forma a garantir a máxima eficiência.Palavras-chave: Integração conceptual. Máquina de Carnot. Sistemas adaptativos complexos. Comunicação. AbstractIn this article, we aim at an epistemological parallelism between the conceptual blending (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002) and the efficiency of a thermodynamic machine (CARNOT, 1824). Our hypothesis is that linguistic behavior amounts to a complex adaptive system (DUQUE, 2016) with maximum efficiency in its communicative processes in the same way as a thermodynamic machine. Supported by our object, namely the conceptual integration networks (SILVA, 2019), we perceive that the human being mixes concepts from many information fronts (frames) and composes a new conceptual structure, resulting from the amalgamation of information from these frames. Thus, based on the qualitative method supported by Silverman's (2000) vision, we conclude that the conceptual integration network works similarly to a Carnot thermal machine, in which elements are processed in order to ensure maximum efficiency.Keywords: Conceptual blending. Carnot machine.Complex adaptative systems. Communication. ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-1504https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-8979

War or peace tweets? The case of Pakistan

This study explores the application of social media in a violent conflict and examines the role that Twitter can play in communicative processes in light of peacebuilding practices. It bridges a gap in communication research by conducting a war/peace framing analysis on Twitter regarding the second deadliest terrorist attack in Pakistan. Our results challenge the idealistic perspectives of peace communication scholars, who predicted that digital platforms would lead to a strong peace framing approach. Similar to traditional media, the tweets were dominated by war frames. Results also showed the amount of war and peace indicators varied over time. Further, findings suggest the narrative that ultimately failed to highlight a peace framework, was largely shaped by local events and the power of traditional stakeholders.

HEDGING IN TED TALKS: A CORPUS-BASED PRAGMATIC STUDY

Hedging is a communicative strategy and a form of pragmatic competence which plays a central role in delivering the intended message of the speaker. Commonly observed in two-way conversations, hedges as hedging devices are also present in monologues. This study investigates the most common hedges used in popular monologues TED Talks as well as observes the various communicative strategies they denote. 130 transcripts of the talks, taped from 2002-2019 taken from the official website of TED (ted.com), are collected to build a corpus of 337,302 tokens. Through corpus-based analysis using concordance software AntConc 3.5.0, 48 most common hedges are inserted for frequency search. The search hits show that the most frequently-used hedges in the corpus are ‘just,’ ‘could,’ ‘you know,’ ‘actually,’ ‘I think,’ and ‘kind of’ with the numbers of occurrence 1107, 554, 541, 530, 390, and 309 respectively. From the analyses of the functions of the most frequent hedges, it can be concluded that each of the hedges serves distinctive pragmatic strategy which contributes in the communicative processes of the talks.

Crafting Normalcy: How Communication Enhances Tourist Village’s Resilience During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a multisectoral crisis, including tourism which is the most affected sector. Like other tourist destinations, the tourist villages are also forced to close all their activities. Inevitably, they have suffered many losses, and thousands of residents have lost their jobs. But in the midst of uncertainty, the tourist villages still have a way to survive and show resilience. Resilience both individually and organisationally will always be formed in and through communicative processes that enhance the ability to create a new normal. The important issue is how communication can improve the resilience of individuals and groups of rural tourism actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Nglanggeran Village, Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is one of the priority tourism destinations in Indonesia and now has around 150 tourist villages. By using Buzzanell’s communication theory of resilience framework, the data of the research were collected through in-depth interviewing with a number of tourist village actors in Nglanggeran Village, Yogyakarta Province. They were analysed by using Creswell's data analysis spiral, consisting of reading-memoing, describing-classifying, interpreting, and representing-visualising stages. The results of this study show that communication plays an important role in supporting resilience of Nglanggeran tourism village actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Five aspects of resilience communication are found in the three stages of the pandemic disaster. Keywords: Resilience, communication, tourist village, destination resilience, Covid-19.

Udawanie i zabawa jako formy zaangażowanie religijnego

Pretense and play are present in a variety of religious traditions. They are used in religious thinking about the world as well as in ritual behavior. As a form of simulation, pretense and play are more than cultural forms because they occur in human and animal behavior. Simulation is based on complex cognitive and communicative processes and requires metacognitive and metacommunicative abilities. In religious practice, pretense and play tend to turn into serious and “authentic” behavior accompanied by the sense of reality characteristic for religious experience. It seems that the ability to cross the frames of pretense and play towards seriousness and authenticity is part of the logic of simulation. Categories of pretense and play can be used to explain the dynamic character of religious faith. The latter can be understood as shifting between two modes of experience: the reality mode (the world seen as “it is”) and the simulation mode (the world of “as if”).

The Stone and the Wireless

In the final decades of the Manchu Qing dynasty in China, technologies such as the phonograph, telephone, telegraph, and photography were both new and foreign. In The Stone and the Wireless Shaoling Ma analyzes diplomatic diaries, early science fiction, feminist poetry, photography, telegrams, and other archival texts, and shows how writers, intellectuals, reformers, and revolutionaries theorized what media does despite lacking a vocabulary to do so. Media defines the dynamics between technologies and their social or cultural forms, between devices or communicative processes and their representations in texts and images. More than simply reexamining late Qing China's political upheavals and modernizing energies through the lens of media, Ma shows that a new culture of mediation was helping to shape the very distinctions between politics, gender dynamics, economics, and science and technology. Ma contends that mediation lies not only at the heart of Chinese media history but of media history writ large.

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ONLINE LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC AT SDN 1 TANAH TINGGI

Effective learning can be defined as learning that succeeds in achieving the learning objectives of students as expected by the teacher. But the Covid-19 epidemic has disrupted the conventional learning process. So a solution is needed to answer these problems. Online learning is an alternative that can solve this problem so this research aim is to describe the effective management of online learning during a pandemic at SD Negeri 01 Tanah Tinggi. This research is descriptive – qualitative research and data collection techniques in this study are participant observation and in-depth interviews. In order to achieve effective learning during pandemics, teachers are required to make good and interesting learning designs. Five indicators of effective learning, namely (1) management of the implementation of learning, (2) communicative processes, (3) student responses, (4) learning activities, and (5) learning outcomes. Students can understand and master IT, and students and teachers can communicate well through Blended Learning.

SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH AS AN IMPERATIVE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF A MODERN MUSEUM

Рассматривается социокультурный подход как основание современного образования, ориентированного на личность в полноте ее культурно-воспроизводительной деятельности. Исследуется связь социокультурного подхода и музея, обусловливающая изменение образовательной деятельности последнего. Актуализируется проблема расширения образовательных возможностей музея, обострившаяся в условиях социальной необходимости поиска альтернативных методов взаимодействия с личностью. Обращение к социокультурному подходу как методологии деятельности музея позволяет изменить конфигурацию общения, в качестве цели обозначив включение в процесс коммуникации личность человека как равнозначного субъекта коммуникации наравне с культурой и социумом. В соответствии с запросом общества музейная коммуникация как метод сотрудничества с личностью в образовательной практике музея становится первостепенной. Анализ образовательной деятельности музея позволяет проследить влияние коммуникационных процессов, трансформирующих содержание, образовательную среду и результаты образования в музее, придавая им личностно значимые смыслы. Следовательно, присвоение личностью разнообразия социокультурного опыта становится ключевой задачей образовательной деятельности музея, что отвечает современной социокультурной ситуации. The article examines the sociocultural approach as the basis of modern education focused on the individual in the fullness of his cultural and reproductive activity. The relationship between the socio-cultural approach and the museum is investigated, which determines the change in the educational activity of the latter. In accordance with the demands of society, museum communication as a method of interaction with a person in the educational practice of the museum becomes paramount. Museum communication and the process of its transformation in the digital age is a key concept for studying the mechanisms of modernization of the educational activities of the museum. In turn, communicative processes transform the content and results of education in the museum, giving it personally meaningful meanings. The semantic field of the content of museum education becomes the basis for communication, and the museum visitor is a representative of one or another point of view on cultural phenomena. The museum, being at the junction of various sciences (pedagogy, psychology, museology, art history), sees its goal not so much in the expansion of knowledge, but in the development of the value apparatus, attitudes, and creative abilities of the individual. Consequently, the appropriation by an individual of the diversity of sociocultural experience becomes a key task of the educational activities of the museum.