Prenatal Sonographic Head Circumference and Cerebral Ventricle Width Measurements Before and After Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair – Prediction of Shunting During the First Year of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladina Vonzun ◽  
Franziska Maria Winder ◽  
Martin Meuli ◽  
Ueli Moerlen ◽  
Luca Mazzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic evolution of fetal head circumference (HC) and width of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (Vp) after open fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) repair and to assess whether pre- or postoperative measurements are helpful to predict the need for shunting during the first year of life. Patients & Methods All 30 children older than one year by January 2017 who previously had fMMC repair at the Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy were included. Sonographic evolution of fetal HC and Vp before and after fMMC repair was assessed and compared between the non-shunted (N = 16) and the shunted group (N = 14). ROC curves were generated for the fetal HC Z-score and Vp in order to show their predictive accuracy for the need for shunting until 1 year of age. Results HC was not an independent factor for predicting shunting. However, the need for shunting was directly dependent on the preoperative Vp as well as the Vp before delivery. A Vp > 10 mm at evaluation for fMMC repair or > 15 mm before delivery identifies 100 % of the infants needing shunt placement at a false-positive rate of 44 % and 25 %, respectively. All fetuses with a Vp > 15 mm at first evaluation received a shunt. Conclusion Fetuses demonstrating a Vp of > 15 mm before in utero MMC repair are extremely likely to develop hydrocephalus requiring a shunt during the first year of life. This compelling piece of evidence must be appropriately integrated into prenatal counseling.

Hindbrain Herniation and Banana and Lemon Sign After Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair – When Do These Signs Disappear and is Shunting Predictable?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladina Vonzun ◽  
Franziska Maria Winder ◽  
Martin Meuli ◽  
Ueli Moehrlen ◽  
Luca Mazzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hindbrain Herniation ◽  
Myelomeningocele Repair ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Purpose The aim was to describe the sonographic follow-up of hindbrain herniation (HH), the banana and lemon sign after fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) repair, and the time of disappearance of these signs after the intervention, and to investigate any predictive value for the necessity of shunting during the infant’s first year of life. Additionally, the sonographic evolution of the transcerebellar diameter (TCD) before and after fetal intervention was assessed. Patients and Methods The first 50 patients that underwent fMMC repair at Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy (www.swissfetus.ch) were included in this study. Sonographic scans performed weekly after fMMC repair focusing on HH and banana and lemon signs were analyzed and compared between the shunted and the non-shunted group. ROC curves were generated for the time intervals of resolution of the signs in order to show their predictive accuracy for the need for shunting until 1 year of age. Results HH resolved in 48 fetuses (96 %) before delivery. The sonographic disappearance of HH within the first two weeks after fMMC repair was associated with a significantly lower incidence of shunt placement (OR 0.19; 95 % CI 0.4–0.9) during the first year of life (p = 0.03). All fetuses with persistent HH before delivery received a shunt. TCD growth was observed in all fetuses. Conclusion The reversibility of HH within two weeks after fMMC repair is associated with an 80 % lower incidence of shunt placement during the infant’s first year of life. Moreover, it allows the cerebellum to grow and to normalize its configuration.

scholarly journals Human Milk Glucocorticoid Levels Are Associated With Infant Adiposity and Head Circumference Over the First Year of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Pundir ◽  
Zoya Gridneva ◽  
Avinesh Pillai ◽  
Eric B. Thorstensen ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

An Unlearned Principle for Controlling Natural Movements

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T.J.M. Zaal ◽  
Kristin Daigle ◽  
Gerald L. Gottlieb ◽  
Esther Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pointing Movements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Recently, Gottlieb and colleagues discovered a linear relation between elbow and shoulder dynamic torque in natural pointing movements in the sagittal plane. The present study investigates if the process of learning to reach involves discovering this linearity principle. We inspected torque data from four infants who were learning to reach and grab a toy in front of them. In a longitudinal study, we collected data both in the period before and after they performed their first successful reaches. Torque profiles at the shoulder and elbow were typically multipeaked and became more and more biphasic toward the end of the first year of life. Torques at the shoulder and elbow were correlated tightly for movements in the prereaching period as well as for reaches later in the year. Furthermore, slopes of a regression of shoulder dynamic torque on elbow dynamic torque were remarkably constant at a value ∼2.5–3.0. If linear synergy is used by the nervous system to reduce the controlled degrees of freedom, it will act as a strong constraint on the complex of possible coordination patterns for arm movement early in life. Natural reaching movements can capitalize on this constraint because it simplifies the process of learning to reach.

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) ON THE RELEASE OF GONADOTROPHINS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. VI. RELATIONS TO AGE, SEX AND PUBERTY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Gamier ◽  
Jean-Louis Chaussain ◽  
Elisabeth Binet ◽  
Ariane Schlumberger ◽  
Jean-Claude Job
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT Plasma gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) were radio-immunoassayed before and after injection of 0.1 mg/m2 of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in infants 1 to 12 months old, prepubertal children aged more than 12 months, and pubertal subjects of both sexes. The pubertal changes of gonadotrophins include a highly significant increase of LH pituitary mobilizable reserve in both sexes, while the FSH reserve shows a significant decrease in females and no significant variation in males. From the first year of life up to childhood, the basal blood levels of FSH and LH decrease significantly in girls but do not vary in boys, while the FSH reserve decreases significantly in girls and increases significantly in boys, the LH reserve showing a non-significant decrease in both sexes. In the first year of life, girls show a very significantly higher FSH secretion and reserve than boys, while boys have a significantly higher LH reserve than girls. After the end of the first year up to the onset of puberty, the FSH reserve remains significantly higher in girls than in boys. The interpretation of these facts is discussed.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF THE LENGTH OF THE ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR EYE AXIS FOLLOWING THE EXTRACTION OF UNILATERAL CONGENITAL CATARACTS WITH THE IMPLANTATION OF INTRAOCULAR LENSES IN THE CHILDREN DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
L. A Katargina ◽  
T. B Kruglova ◽  
N. S Egiyan ◽  
O. B Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Introduction. Unilateral congenital cataracts in the children account for up to 16.0% of the total number of congenital cataracts diagnosed among the pediatric population. Aphakia is considered to be the most physiological method for the surgical treatment and correction of unilateral congenital cataracts in the combination with the implantation of intraocular lenses. The optical power of the lenses is calculated based on the results of evaluation of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior eye axis in individual patients. Aim. The objective of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes in the children presenting with pseudophakia following the extraction of unilateral congenital cataract. Materials and methods. The study included a total of 77 children with unilateral congenital cataracts examined before and after the surgical treatment. Phacoaspiration in the combination with the implantation of intraocular lenses was performed in the patients at the age varying from 3 to 11 months. The infants underwent the ultrasound biometric study and the evaluation of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis in the affected eye in comparison with that in the contralateral eye before they reached the age of 7 years. Results. The results of this study give evidence of marked variability of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes following the early surgical treatment of the children presenting with unilateral congenital cataracts. Conclusion. The differences in the tendency toward the change in the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes following the surgical treatment of unilateral congenital cataracts in the children during the first year of life suggest the necessity of further in-depth investigations and the need for the regular follow-up of such patients for the purpose of choosing the proper approach to the correction of the refraction error and ametropia.

scholarly journals Observations on carapace color change in the juvenile big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7331
Author(s):  
Dainan Cao ◽  
Yan Ge ◽  
Yufeng Wei ◽  
Haoran Duan ◽  
Shiping Gong
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
First Year ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Olive Green

The carapace color of newborn big-headed turtles (Platysternon megacephalum) is polymorphic and usually consists of two phenotypes: yellowish brown and olive green. As the turtles grew, over the first year of life, its carapace gradually turned from yellowish brown to chestnut brown, or from olive green to dark brown, depending on the phenotype. Meanwhile, the turtle’s plastron remained an orange and black pattern and did not change much. In this study, we primarily used HE staining to observe the carapace color change with age in big-headed turtle juveniles. We took the carapace marginal scute tissues twice from the same turtles before and after the carapace color change. Histological observations show that in the marginal scutes of the four tested turtles with different carapace color phenotypes, melanin granules are all concentrated in the dermal layer underneath the dorsal corneous layer, but rarely on the ventral side. Melanin deposits in the dorsal corneous layer were found to increase as the corneous layers thickened, while the melanin deposits in the ventral corneous layer did not change significantly. However, there was no significant difference in melanin deposition in the epidermis and dermis of the carapace among the yellowish brown, chestnut brown, olive green, and dark brown big-headed turtles. The results of our study indicate that the carapace color darkening in big-headed turtles may not be due to changes in melanin content of the carapace, but is the result of melanin accumulation and superposition in the dorsal corneous layer.

Autism and head circumference in the first year of life

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fuller Torrey ◽  
Dawn Dhavale ◽  
John P. Lawlor ◽  
Robert H. Yolken
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life
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