Body Composition of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Female Soccer Athletes through Competitive Seasons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Roelofs ◽  
April Bockin ◽  
Tyler Bosch ◽  
Jonathan Oliver ◽  
Christopher W. Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine body composition of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer players by position and season. One hundred seventy-five female athletes were categorized by positions of forward (n=47), midfielder (n=51), defender (n=57), and goalkeeper (n=20). A dual X-ray absorptiometry scan assessed percent body fat, total lean mass, total fat mass, arm and leg lean mass and fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue. Goalkeepers had significantly higher total, arm, and leg lean mass and fat mass compared to all other positions (p<0.05). For seasonal changes, body fat percentage was significantly higher in winter off-season (26.7%) compared to summer off-season (25.7%) and pre-season (25.8%; p<0.01) for all positions. Total and leg lean mass was significantly lower in winter off-season compared to all other seasons, and total lean mass was significantly higher in summer off-season than pre-season (p<0.01). Overall, goalkeepers were significantly different than all other positions. Body fat percentage increased and lean mass decreased in winter off-season indicating potential undesired changes in training and/or nutrition over the break whereas lean mass was the highest in summer off-season potentially reflecting the emphasis on resistance training and increased volume of training.

scholarly journals POS0839 BODY COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 673.2-674
Author(s):  
A. Efremova ◽  
O. Nikitinskaya ◽  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test

Background:Sarcopenia can be age associated (primary form) or secondary to chronic disorders, including rheumatic inflammatory disorders. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by widespread vasculopathy, progressive fibrosis of the skin and other internal organs, such as lung, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system. Different from the other chronic rheumatic inflammatory disorders, sarcopenia has not been well evaluated in SSc patients.Objectives:To assess the body composition (BC) and to identify the frequency of sarcopenia (SP) in SSc patients.Methods:A total of 44 women who met the ACR/EULAR 2013 classification criteria were included. Mean age was 53,2 + 8,8 years. The median disease duration was 7,0 [4,0;12,0] years. 26 (59,1%) patients had limited and 18 (40,9%) - diffuse cutaneous subtype. Body composition was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of whole body. The appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) was calculated as the ratio of appendicular lean mass (ALM) to height (kg/m2). Handgrip measurement and chair stand test were performed. Physical function was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). SP was diagnosed in agreement with the 2019 revised consensus on definition and diagnosis of SP of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2): handgrip <16kg, chair stand test > 15 seconds for 5 rises, ALM <15 kg or ALMI <5.5 kg/m2. Severe SP was detected if the patient additionally had gait speed ≤0.8 m/s or SPPB ≤ 8-point score. Overfat was defined as body fat percentage >35%.Results:The median bone mineral content was 2.0 [1.8; 2.2] kg, total lean mass - 39,5 [35,7; 45,5] kg, ALM - 16,3 [14,5;19,4] kg, ALMI – 6,5 [5,7; 7,2] kg/m2, trunk fat mass – 13,5 [9,1; 16,7] kg and total fat mass - 26,6 [20,1; 34,5] kg. Body fat percentage was 38,8% [34,2; 42,7].9 (20,5%) women had low ALM and low ALMI, 6 (13,6%) – only low ALM. Healthy BC was found in 5 (11,3%), low ALM or low ALMI – in 7 (15,9%), overfat – in 24 (54,5%), low ALM + overfat – in 8 (18,2%) patients. We found no differences in BC between SSc patients with limited and diffuse cutaneous subtype.Low muscle strength (SP probable) was found in 21 (47,7%) women, meanwhile confirmed SP (low muscle strength and muscle mass) was diagnosed in 10 (22,7%) patients, among them 5 (11,4%) persons had severe SP. No significant difference in SP frequency among patients with limited and diffuse cutaneous SSc 4 (15,4%) and 6 (33,3%), respectively, (p=0,27). Osteoporosis was found in 6 (60%) patients with SP without differences in SSc subtypes.Conclusion:Healthy BC was found only in 11,3% cases, while overfat - in 72,7% and low ALM – in 34,1% SSc patients. SP was detected in 22.7% of women, among them in half of cases - severe SP, without any differences between the limited and diffuse subtypes of the disease.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

Body Mass and Body Composition Changes over 7 Years in a Male Professional Rugby Union Team

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clíodhna McHugh ◽  
Karen Hind ◽  
Aoife O'Halloran ◽  
Daniel Davey ◽  
Gareth Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dxa Scans ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal body mass and body composition changes in one professional rugby union team (n=123), (i) according to position [forwards (n=58) versus backs (n=65)], analysis of players with 6 consecutive seasons of DXA scans (n=21) and, (iii) to examine differences by playing status [academy and international], over 7 years. Players [mean age: 26.8 y, body mass index: 28.9+kg.m2] received DXA scans at fourtime points within each year. A modest (but non-significant) increase in mean total mass (0.8 kg) for professional players was reflected by increased lean mass and reduced body fat mass. At all-time points, forwards had a significantly greater total mass, lean mass and body fat percentage compared to backs (p<0.05). Academy players demonstrated increased total and lean mass and decreased body fat percentage over the first 3 years of senior rugby, although this was not significant. Senior and academy international players had greater lean mass and lower body fat percentage (p<0.05) than non-international counterparts. Despite modest increases in total mass; reflected by increased lean mass and reduced fat mass, no significant changes in body mass or body composition, irrespective of playing position were apparent over 7 years.

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽  
Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽  
Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽  
Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

Calf circumference is similarly associated with fat mass and lean mass in postmenopausal women with high body fat percentage

Nutrire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raíla P. F. Cruz ◽  
Sara M. Barreiro ◽  
Anne M. Mendonça ◽  
Luana T. Rossato ◽  
Paula C. Nahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
High Body

scholarly journals Composição corporal e desempenho motor no handebol em cadeira de rodas

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Borges ◽  
Anselmo Athayde Costa e Silva ◽  
Fernando Rosch de Faria ◽  
Priscila Samora Godoy ◽  
Ellen Rodrigues Barbosa Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Athletes

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p204 The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between body composition and motor performance in Wheelchair Handball players (WH). Overall, 21 athletes composed the sample (13 males and 8 females). To analyze motor performance, the following tests were used: ball driving, block performance, 20 m velocity and zigzag agility for individuals on wheelchair. Body mass, height, body perimeter and skinfold thickness (tricipital, subescapular, bicipital and supra-iliac) were used to establish body composition profile. Data was presented through descriptive statistics and inference was performed by Spearmans’ and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient (non-parametric). Therefore, strong and significant correlations between body composition and motor performance were detected within different functional class and also according to sex, whereas male athletes showed significant correlation between body fat percentage and agility (r=0.70, p≤0.01) and, in the case of female athletes, body fat percentage is strongly related with speed (r=0.81, p≤0.01) and agility (r=0.74, p≤0.05). As conclusion, it was verified that apparently, increased body fat in body composition profile negatively influences motor performance in wheelchair handball players.

scholarly journals Osteocalcin as a Predictor of Body Composition in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1627-1627
Author(s):  
Rosemary DeLuccia ◽  
May Cheung ◽  
Asma Altasan ◽  
Sumer Al-Ani ◽  
Rushali Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Serum Ionized Calcium ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine if body composition and nutrient status are dependent on serumosteocalcin concentrations in healthy adults. Methods Adults 20 to 70 years of age completed fasting blood sampling to measure serum ionized calcium concentrations, serum ionized magnesium concentrations, and serum total osteocalcin concentrations. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry was also completed to measure body composition variables including body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, total fat freemass, total lean mass, android fat, gynoid fat, trunk fat, and visceral adipose tissue. Results A sample of 60 women and 78 men with a median age of 33.0 (21.0) years were categorized into two groups accordingto the median osteocalcin concentration measured: low osteocalcin (12.11 ± 2.72 ng/mL), and high osteocalcin (26.80 ± 9.72 ng/mL). Means, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges were calculated and independent t-tests, and Mann Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences between groups in body composition variables. Total fat mass, total fat percentage, android fat, trunk fat, and trunk fat percentage were all significantly higher, and totalfat free mass, fat free mass percentage, total lean mass, lean mass percentage, serum ionized calcium concentrations, and serum ionized magnesium concentrations were all significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the low osteocalcin groupcompared to the high osteocalcin group. There were no differences (P &gt;0.05) between groups in weight, gynoid fat, visceral adiposity tissue, or visceral adiposity tissue percentage. Conclusions The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that serum osteocalcin concentrations can predict bodycomposition. Interventional studies should consider methods to alter osteocalcin concentrations through vitamin ormineral supplementation as a means to improve body composition in adults. Funding Sources American Heart Association; Drexel University.

scholarly journals Association between body composition and aerobic capacity in karate athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco da Silva ◽  
Javiera Alarcón Aguilar ◽  
Carlos Alberto Morena Moya ◽  
Murilo Gominho Antunes Correia Junior ◽  
Willemax dos Santos Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association between body composition and performance in the karate specific aerobic test (KSAT). This is a study carried out with thirteen athletes (6 females) with a mean age of 20.7 ± 4.2 years, affiliated to the Pernambuco Federation of Karate Associations, were developing this training routine during the 2018 season. Body mass and height were measured. To measure body composition, the body densitometry method was used by the x-ray double-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Karate Specific Aerobic Test was used to verify aerobic performance. Association analyzes were performed between body composition variables and KSAT performance using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. All analyzes adopted a significance of p <0.05. KSAT performance was negatively correlated with total fat mass (r = -0.797; p = 0.001) and fat percentage (r = -0.757; p = 0.003). The linear regression model with the highest explanatory power included total fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.732; p <0.001) exhibited a negative association with total fat (? = -0.21; p <0.001), and the model that included % body fat and KSAT (adjusted R² = 0.708; p = 0.003) were negatively associated with% body fat (? = -22.937; p = 0.001), both adjusted for gender and age. There is a negative association between total fat mass, body fat percentage and karate specific aerobic test performance.

scholarly journals Three-Compartment Body Composition in Academy and Senior Rugby League Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Till ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
John O’Hara ◽  
Matthew Barlow ◽  
Amy Brightmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Regional Body Composition

Purpose:To compare the body size and 3-compartment body composition between academy and senior professional rugby league players using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Methods:Academy (age 18.1 ± 1.1 y, n = 34) and senior (age 26.2 ± 4.6 y, n = 63) rugby league players received 1 total-body DXA scan. Height, body mass, and body-fat percentage alongside total and regional fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) were compared. Independent t tests with Cohen d effect sizes and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for height and body mass, with partial eta-squared (η2) effect sizes, were used to compare total and regional body composition.Results:Senior players were taller (183.2 ± 5.8 vs 179.2 ± 5.7 cm, P = .001, d = 0.70) and heavier (96.5 ± 9.3 vs 86.5 ± 9.0 kg, P < .001, d = 1.09) with lower body-fat percentage (16.3 ± 3.7 vs 18.0 ± 3.7%, P = .032, d = 0.46) than academy players. MANCOVA identified significant overall main effects for total and regional body composition between academy and senior players. Senior players had lower total fat mass (P < .001, η 2 = 0.15), greater total lean mass (P < .001, η 2 = 0.14), and greater total BMC (P = .001, η 2 = 0.12) than academy players. For regional sites, academy players had significantly greater fat mass at the legs (P < .001, η 2 = 0.29) than senior players.Conclusions:The lower age, height, body mass, and BMC of academy players suggest that these players are still developing musculoskeletal characteristics. Gradual increases in lean mass and BMC while controlling fat mass is an important consideration for practitioners working with academy rugby league players, especially in the lower body.

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