scholarly journals Magnets and self-retractable wire for endoscopic septotomies: From concept to first-in-human use.

Endoscopy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Huberland ◽  
Ricardo Rio Tinto ◽  
Sonia Dugardeyn ◽  
Nicolas Cauche ◽  
Cécilia Delattre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Single Procedure ◽  
Compression Anastomosis ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Safe Performance

Background and study aims: A medical device that allows simple and safe performance of an endoscopic septotomy could have several applications in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We developed such a device by combining two magnets and a self-retractable wire to perform a progressive septotomy by compression of the tissues. We describe here the concept, preclinical studies, and first clinical use of the device in symptomatic epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum (EED). Materials and methods: The MAGUS was designed based on previous knowledge of compression anastomosis and current unmet needs. After initial design, the feasibility of the technique was tested on artificial septa in pigs. A clinical trial was then initiated to assess the feasibility and safety of the technique. Results: Animal studies showed that the MAGUS can perform a complete septotomy at various levels of the GI tract. In two patients with symptomatic EED, uneventful complete septotomy was observed within 28 and 39 days after the endoscopic procedure. Conclusions: This new system provides a way to perform endoluminal septotomy in a single procedure. It appears to be effective and safe for managing symptomatic EED. Further clinical applications where this type of remodeling of the GI tract could be beneficial are under investigation.

Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B. Speers ◽  
Kadine A. Cabey ◽  
Amala Soumyanath ◽  
Kirsten M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Background: Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is commonly used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems. WS has seen an increase in public use worldwide due to its reputation as an adaptogen. This popularity has elicited increased scientific study of its biological effects, including a potential application for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies examining the neuropsychiatric effects of WS, specifically its application in stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods: Reports of human trials and animal studies of WS were collected primarily from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results: WS root and leaf extracts exhibited noteworthy anti-stress and anti-anxiety activity in animal and human studies. WS also improved symptoms of depression and insomnia, though fewer studies investigated these applications. WS may alleviate these conditions predominantly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal medullary axes, as well as through GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. While some studies link specific withanolide components to its neuropsychiatric benefits, there is evidence for the presence of additional yet unidentified active compounds in WS. Conclusion: While benefits were seen in the reviewed studies, significant variability in the WS extracts examined prevents a consensus on the optimum WS preparation or dosage from treating neuropsychiatric conditions. WS generally appears safe for human use; however, it will be important to investigate potential herb-drug interactions involving WS if used alongside pharmaceutical interventions. Further elucidation of active compounds of WS is also needed.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Bleeding Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum From Arteriovenous Malformations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962090194
Author(s):  
Franklin L. Thelmo ◽  
Harvey Guttmann ◽  
Waqas Ullah ◽  
Ahmad Arslan ◽  
Eugen Brailoiu
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Argon Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Motility Disorder ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum

Epiphrenic esophageal diverticula (EED) is a rare condition that usually presents with dysphagia in patients with a known motility disorder. In this article, we present a unique case of EED presenting with hemoptysis with clinical workup negative for any pulmonary pathology. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed arteriovenous malformations within the EED successfully managed with argon plasma coagulation (APC), leading to a resolution of the patient’s symptoms.

Advanced squamous cell carcinoma in an asymptomatic, large, epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yoshida ◽  
Satoru Hashimoto ◽  
Ken-ichi Mizuno ◽  
Hiroshi Ichikawa ◽  
Junji Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum

scholarly journals A Review of the Role of Neurotensin and Its Receptors in Colorectal Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyang Qiu ◽  
Gianluca Pellino ◽  
Francesca Fiorentino ◽  
Shahnawaz Rasheed ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Cellular Receptors

Neurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilised as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging. We summarise the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC.

scholarly journals In SituPrebiotics for Weaning Piglets:In VitroProduction and Fermentation of Potato Galacto-Rhamnogalacturonan

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1668-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Lenz Strube ◽  
Helle Christine Ravn ◽  
Hans-Christian Ingerslev ◽  
Anne Strunge Meyer ◽  
Mette Boye
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTPostweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. In this study, anin vitromodel was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiberin situin the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers ofLactobacillusandVeillonellaorganisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers ofClostridiumorganisms as well as a decrease in the numbers ofStreptococcusorganisms. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60%Lactobacillusand almost free ofClostridium. For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic approach in the treatment of large epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 584-588
Author(s):  
Virgilijus Beiša ◽  
Mindaugas Kvietkauskas ◽  
Augustas Beiša ◽  
Kęstutis Strupas
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum

Introduction

Animal Labour ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Charlotte Blattner ◽  
Kendra Coulter ◽  
Will Kymlicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Social Justice Movements ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Justice Movements ◽  
A Site

The question of animal labour has emerged as an important topic in both the academic study of human–animal relations and in public debates about the rights of animals. While the human use of animal labour has been a site of intense instrumentalization and exploitation, some people argue that (good) work can be a site of cooperation, mutual flourishing, and shared social membership between humans and animals, and that recognizing animals as ‘workers’ could have a transformative effect on our relationships with them. This introductory chapter explores some of the developments in animal ethics and animal studies that have informed this new interest in animal labour, and in particular how animal labour can be seen as overcoming the ‘welfarist–abolitionist’ dichotomy that dominates the field. It also explores some of the obvious challenges and dilemmas that animal labour raises, including questions of consent, labour rights, and the link to other social justice movements. The chapter concludes with a summary of the remaining chapters in the volume, and how each contributes to a richer understanding of the potential for animal labour to serve as a frontier of interspecies justice.

Diagnosis of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum by computed tomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Whang Kim ◽  
Yahya M. Berkmen ◽  
Yong Ho Auh ◽  
Elias Kazam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Epiphrenic Esophageal Diverticulum

Demineralised bone matrix in veterinary orthopaedics: A review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Myint ◽  
J. F. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Allograft ◽  
Demineralised Bone Matrix ◽  
Demineralised Bone ◽  
Human Use

SummaryDemineralised bone matrix (DBM) is commonly used in human orthopaedics as an allograft prepared from cortical bone. As such, there is a background of literature on the basic science, experimental animal studies and clinical human use of DBM. Because canine DBM is now increasingly available and used in veterinary orthopaedics, this review aims to update the veterinary orthopaedic specialist with the properties and activities of this bone allograft product.

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