Chapter 34 Cholinergic Agents

SummaryIn dilute suspensions of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or gel-separated platelets (GSP), dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP) and monobutyryl-cAMP inhibited platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction in concentrations of 2–3 × 10–6M, with complete inhibition at 1–3 × 10–4M. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which inhibited fibrin clot retraction in concentrations greater than 1.5–3 × 10–8M, was a more effective inhibitor than either PGE2 or PGF2α. In the presence of theophylline (10–4M), concentrations of DBcAMP, PGE1 PGE2 and PGF2α necessary to inhibit fibrin clot retraction were reduced 50-fold for DBcAMP and 2.5 to 20-fold for the prostaglandins. In dilute PRP or GSP, inhibition of fibrin clot retraction does not result from inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, compounds which increase platelet cAMP levels result in the inhibition of platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction, and this inhibitory effect may be mediated, at least in part, through suppression of platelet contractility. Cyclic GMP, dibutyryl-cGMP and carbamylcholine-Cl (which stimulates guanylate cyclase) did not influence fibrin clot retraction, and did not prevent inhibition of fibrin clot retraction by DBcAMP and PGE?. Colchicine, in concentrations known to disrupt platelet microtubules (2.5 × 10–6M to 2.5 x 10–3M), had little inhibitory effect on either fibrin clot retraction or platelet (3H)-serotonin release.

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Neurorehabilitation in the Early Recovery Period of Ischemic Stroke. Pharmacology Support

Acta Balneologica ◽

10.36740/abal202101103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Denys N. Khramtsov ◽

Olexandr N. Stoyanov ◽

Tetiana N. Muratova ◽

Olexandr R. Pulyk

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

Neuroprotective Agents ◽

Early Recovery ◽

National Medical ◽

Cholinergic Agents ◽

Early Recovery Period ◽

Medical University

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome in the use of neuroprotective agents in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: The study was performed on the basis of the stroke of the Center for Reconstructive and Rehabilitation Medicine (University Clinic) of the Odessa National Medical University. A retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of 115 patients with acute stroke was conducted. Results: An average NIHSS score at discharge was 4.1±0.1 points when treated with no refinery, then it reached 3.6±0.1 points when using peptidergic drugs, and 3.4±0.1 when using D-fdf. 3.1±0.1 points. When using D-FDF, the MMSE score was 3.5±0.1 points, whereas when using cholinergic agents, this index did not exceed 26.9±1.5 points, and when using peptidergic agents - 26.8±1.4 points. Conclusion: The use of neuroprotective agents positively affects the effectiveness of neuro-rehabilitation in patients with acute stroke. The best results in three months after the hospitalization were obtained for peptidergic agents and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate.

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Cholinergic Agents and Inhibitors of Extracellular Calcium Influx Suppress the Secretion of TSH by Human Thyrotropic Adenoma Cells Maintained in Longterm Culture

Frontiers in Thyroidology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-5260-0_41 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 255-258

Author(s):

Henry G. Fein ◽

Nancy E. Butkus ◽

Robert C. Smallridge

Keyword(s):

Calcium Influx ◽

Extracellular Calcium ◽

Cholinergic Agents

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Electrophysiological characterization of laminar synaptic inputs to the olfactory tubercle of the rat studiedin vitro: modulation of glutamatergic transmission by cholinergic agents is pathway-specific

European Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01556.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1767-1780 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. S. Owen ◽

J. V. Halliwell

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Tubercle ◽

Glutamatergic Transmission ◽

Synaptic Inputs ◽

Cholinergic Agents ◽

Electrophysiological Characterization

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The influence of intrahypothalamically injected cholinergic agents on temperature regulation in the pigeon at ambient temperatures of 20°, 32° and 38°C

Neuropharmacology ◽

10.1016/0028-3908(79)90077-7 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 503-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A PYORNILA ◽

H LAHTI ◽

R HISSA

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regulation ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Cholinergic Agents

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Actions of peptides isolated from amphibian skin on pancreatic acinar cells.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.2.e112 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 235 (2) ◽

pp. E112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R J May ◽

T P Conlon ◽

V Erspamer ◽

J D Gardner

Keyword(s):

Cell Function ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

The Other ◽

Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽

Amphibian Skin ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Cholinergic Agents ◽

Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽

45Ca Release ◽

Initial Uptake

In dispersed acinar cells prepared from guinea pig pancreas, peptides isolated from amphibian skin (caerulein, bombesin, litorin, and physalaemin) as well as eledoisin, a peptide isolated from the posterior salivary gland of a Mediterranean octopod, increased outflux of 45Ca, release of bound 45Ca, accumulation of cyclic GMP, and release of amylase. In addition, bombesin, litorin, physalaemin, and eledoisin each increased the initial uptake of 45Ca by dispersed acinar cells, whereas C-terminal octapeptide of porcine cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) and carbamylcholine did not increase the initial uptake of 45Ca but, rather, abolished the increase caused by the other agents. None of the actions of these amphibian peptides was altered by concentrations of atropine sufficient to abolish the effects of muscarinic cholinergic agents. None of the amphibian peptides altered cellular cyclic AMP or the increase caused by secretin or porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Acinar cells preincubated with 45Ca plus bombesin showed the same rate of release of 45Ca as did control cells and this rate was not altered by adding bombesin but was increased fivefold by adding CCK-OP. In terms of their chemical structures as well as the potency and efficacy with which they alter acinar cell function, the amphibian peptides plus CCK-OP can be grouped into three pairs: caerulein with CCK-OP, bombesin with litorin, and physalaemin with eledoisin.

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Pregnancy in rats is modulated by ganglionic cholinergic action

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.1.00990 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. 1151-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M Casais ◽

S M Delgado ◽

Z Sosa ◽

A M Rastrilla

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Integrated System ◽

Sympathetic System ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Celiac Ganglion ◽

Ovarian Steroidogenesis ◽

Superior Ovarian Nerve ◽

Cholinergic Agents ◽

Neural Factors

The control of ovarian steroidogenesis during pregnancy is mainly of endocrine origin. At present, there is little information about the influence of neural factors on the gestation physiology. The purpose of this work was to study the action of cholinergic agents in celiac ganglion upon the liberation of progesterone and ovarian androstenedione in the second half of pregnancy in rats. We used the ex vivo celiac ganglion–superior ovarian nerve–ovary integrated system (celiac ganglion–SON–ovary) that was incubated in buffer solution for 180 min, with the celiac ganglion and the ovary located in different compartments and linked by the SON. The results obtained indicate that the control values of ovarian androstenedione vary according to the pregnancy day analyzed. The addition of acetylcholine in ganglion decreased the liberation of both steroids on Day 15 whereas at the end of pregnancy it decreased the liberation of androstenedione without modifying progesterone. Due to the effect observed with atropine and hexametonium, acetylcholine action might occur through unspecific ganglionic pathways (Days 15 and 21) or through muscarinic ganglionic receptors (Days 19 and 20). Thus, we conclude that the cholinergic sympathetic system from the celiac ganglion might be a fine modulator of the pregnancy physiology.

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