Background:
Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various health ailments and the practices as a
remedial back to thousands of years. Currently, plant-derived compounds used as alternative ways of treatment for multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Objective:
In the present study, various parts of six medical plants such as Solanum nigrum, Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo,
Mentha arvensis, Gloriosa superba, and Ocimum sanctum were extracted for obtaining biological active constituents.
Methods:
Soxhlet method of extraction was used for obtaining crude extracts. Agar disc diffusion and 96-well plate spectroscopic reading were used to detect the extract’s antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
Results:
The obtained extracts were tested for antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties at 25 mg/mL concentrations. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) against Staphylococcus aureus
(24.33±1.52 mm), S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) against Salmonella Typhimurium (12.6 ± 1.5 mm) and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (15.0 ±2.0 mm). Only TUCE exhibited antibacterial activity at least a minimum inhibitory concentration of
0.781 mg/mL. Better antibiofilm activities were also exhibited by petroleum extracts of G. superba (KAPE) and S. nigrum
(MAPE) against Escherichia coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Moreover, S. nigrum acetone extract
(MAAC) and O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) were showed anti-swarming activity with a reduction of motility
56.3% against P. aeruginosa and 37.2% against S. aureus. MAAC also inhibits Las A activity (63.3% reduction) in P. aeruginosa.
Conclusion:
Extracts of TUCE, MAAC, MAPE, and KAPE were exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against
the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. GCMS identified chemical constituents are responsible for being
biologically active.
Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XXIII. Chemical Structures of Two New Migrated Pimarane-type Diterpenes, Neoorthosiphols A and B, and Suppressive Effects on Rat Thoracic Aorta of Chemical constituents Isolated from the Leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus(Lamiaceae).
