Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on growth, yield and essential oil content of newly introduced plant species in Egypt: 1- Monarda citriodora

ABSTRAK Lempuyang merupakan family Zingiberaceae, dan banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk obat/jamu sebagai peningkat stamina, antikanker dan obat antiinfeksi. Balittro memiliki koleksi plasma nutfah lempuyang yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai daerah. Potensi sifat tanaman perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui karakter potensial dan keunggulannya. Karakterisasi sembilan aksesi lempuyang wangi dilakukan di KP. Cicurug – Sukabumi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010. Benih ditanam dengan jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm, jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman dan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sepuluh tanaman terhadap sifat morfologi tanaman, pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan pertumbuhan tanaman lempuyang bervariasi. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun panjang dan lebar daun, serta diameter batang antar aksesi bervariasi. Produksi rimpang lempuyang wangi umumnya lebih dari 15 ton/ha, rimpang mempunyai banyak akar. Mutu simplisia rimpang adalah kisaran kadar minyak atsiri 1,34–4,61%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,22– 23,5%, kadar sari larut etanol 7,9–13,8%, kadar serat 5,47– 8,87% dan kadar pati 40-50%. Hasil analisis ekstrak rimpang lempuyang dengan GC- MS menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50 komponen terdeteksi. Zerumbone merupakan komponen utama lempuyang dengan nilai sebesar 36–49%. Komponen utama zerumbone dan acetic acid terdapat di semua aksesi. Komponen utama lainnya di antaranya adalah alpha humulene, humulene oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophilene oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, dan 3-octyne 5-methyl. Komposisi komponen utama antar aksesi berbeda senada dengan aroma wangi yang ditimbulkan pada lempuyang. Sebanyak tujuh nomor aksesi yang mempunyai keunggulan produksi lebih dari 15 t/ha, mutu minyak atsiri lebih dari 1% dan zerumbone 40%. Kata kunci: Zingiber aromaticum, produksi, komponen utama rimpangABSTRACT Wild ginger is one of Zingiberaceae family. Plant use as a medicine for stamina improvement, anticancer and antiinfection. Balittro had collected wild ginger from several area and potential characters should be evaluated. Characterization was conducted at Cicurug experimental garden – West Java on 2009-2010. Seed rhizome of nine accession was planted with 60 x 40 cm space, twenty numbers of plant each plot and three replication. Observation was carried out for morphological characters, growth, yield, and rhizome quality. Result showed that there were variations in morphology and growth of wild ginger. Plant height, numbers of tillers, numbers of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and stem diameter among acessions were variate. Rhizome yield was generally more than 15 ton/ha, rhizome having plenty of roots. Rhizome quality analysis showed that among accessions have essential oil content range from 1.34- 4.61%, extract soluble water 16.22 – 23.5%, extract soluble ethanol 7.9- 13.88%, fiber content 5.47 – 8.87%, and carbohydrat content 40-50%. GS-MS of wild ginger rhizome extract revealed totally around 50 constituent was detected. The highest constituent detected is zerumbone (36-49%). Moreover, acetic acid also detected in all accession with value range from 4.64 – 14.36%. Other major constituent are alpha humulene, humulene oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophilene oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, and 3-octyne 5- methyl. The composition of major constituent among collection numbers is different and reflected the differences of the flavour of the flesh rhizome. Seven collection numbers are having yield potential more than 15 ton/ha, essential oil content more than 1% dan zerumbone content 40%. Key word: Zingiber aromaticum, rhizome yield, rhizome constituent

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Effect of Plant Hormones and Distillation Water on Mints

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1338 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1338-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Tess Astatkie ◽

Thomas Horgan ◽

S. Marie Rogers

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Hormones ◽

Oil Content ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Monarda Fistulosa ◽

Biomass Yields

Steam distillation of essential oil crops produces residual distillation wastewater that is released into the environment. This study evaluated the effects of three plant hormones [methyl jasmonate (MJ); gibberellic acid (GA3); and salicylic acid (SA)] at three concentrations and the residual distillation water from 15 plant species applied as foliar spray on biomass yields, essential oil content, and essential oil yield of Mentha ×piperita ‘Black Mitcham’ and Mentha spicata ‘Native’. Overall, the application of SA at 1000 mg·L−1 increased biomass yields of both species. More treatments influenced essential oil content in ‘Black Mitcham’ peppermint than in ‘Native’ spearmint. Application of MJ at 100 and 1000 mg·L−1, GA3 at 10 mg·L−1, SA at 10 or 100 mg·L−1, and distillation water of Achillea millefolium, Ammi majus, Artemisia absinthium, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon martinii, Chrysanthemum balsamita, and Hypericum perforatum increased the essential oil content of peppermint, whereas the oil content of spearmint was increased only by application of Monarda fistulosa distillation water. Application of MJ at 100 mg·L−1, SA at 100 mg·L−1, and A. absinthium, C. flexuosus, and C. balsamita distillation waters increased essential oil yields of peppermint, whereas the application of SA at 1000 mg·L−1 and distillation water of A. absinthium, Lavandula vera, and M. fistulosa increased oil yields of spearmint. This study demonstrated that the residual distillation water of some aromatic plant species may be used as a tool for increasing essential oil content or essential oil yields of peppermint and spearmint crops.

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