scholarly journals Short-Term Memory and Aphasia: From Theory to Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Minkina ◽  
Samantha Rosenberg ◽  
Michelene Kalinyak-Fliszar ◽  
Nadine Martin
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Treatment Research

This article reviews existing research on the interactions between verbal short-term memory and language processing impairments in aphasia. Theoretical models of short-term memory are reviewed, starting with a model assuming a separation between short-term memory and language, and progressing to models that view verbal short-term memory as a cognitive requirement of language processing. The review highlights a verbal short-term memory model derived from an interactive activation model of word retrieval. This model holds that verbal short-term memory encompasses the temporary activation of linguistic knowledge (e.g., semantic, lexical, and phonological features) during language production and comprehension tasks. Empirical evidence supporting this model, which views short-term memory in the context of the processes it subserves, is outlined. Studies that use a classic measure of verbal short-term memory (i.e., number of words/digits correctly recalled in immediate serial recall) as well as those that use more intricate measures (e.g., serial position effects in immediate serial recall) are discussed. Treatment research that uses verbal short-term memory tasks in an attempt to improve language processing is then summarized, with a particular focus on word retrieval. A discussion of the limitations of current research and possible future directions concludes the review.

Cross-linguistic differences in the immediate serial recall of consonants versus vowels

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH M. KISSLING
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
First Language ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Arabic And English

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated native English and native Arabic speakers’ phonological short-term memory for sequences of consonants and vowels. Phonological short-term memory was assessed in immediate serial recall tasks conducted in Arabic and English for both groups. Participants (n= 39) heard series of six consonant–vowel syllables and wrote down what they recalled. Native speakers of English recalled the vowel series better than consonant series in English and in Arabic, which was not true of native Arabic speakers. An analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction between first language and phoneme type. The results are discussed in light of current research on consonant and vowel processing.

Absence of a Cross-Modal “Suffix Effect” in Short-Term Memory

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morton ◽  
C. M. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Suffix Effect ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulus List ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Selective Increase

Three experiments are reported involving the presentation of lists of either letters or digits for immediate serial recall. The main variable was the presence or absence of a suffix-prefix, an item (tick or cross) occurring at the end of the list which had to be copied before recall of the stimulus list. With auditory stimuli and an auditory suffix-prefix there was a large and selective increase in the number of errors on the last few serial positions—the typical “suffix effect”. The suffix effect was not found with auditory stimuli and a visual suffix-prefix nor with a visual stimulus and an auditory suffix-prefix. These results are interpreted as supporting a model for short-term memory proposed by Crowder and Morton (1969) in which it is suggested that with serial recall information concerning the final items following auditory presentation has a different, precategorical, origin from that concerning other items.

scholarly journals Syntax, morphosyntax, and serial recall: How language supports short-term memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Schweppe ◽  
Friederike Schütte ◽  
Franziska Machleb ◽  
Marie Hellfritsch
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Term Retention

AbstractIn the classic view of verbal short-term memory, immediate recall is achieved by maintaining phonological representations, while the influence of other linguistic information is negligible. According to language-based accounts, short-term retention of verbal material is inherently bound to language production and comprehension, thus also influenced by semantic or syntactic factors. In line with this, serial recall is better when lists are presented in a canonical word order for English rather than in a noncanonical order (e.g., when adjectives precede nouns rather than vice versa; Perham et al., 2009, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62[7], 1285–1293). However, in many languages, grammaticality is not exclusively determined by word order. In German, an adjective–noun sequence is grammatical only if the adjective is inflected in congruence with the noun’s person, number, and grammatical gender. Therefore, we investigated whether similar effects of syntactic word order occur in German. In two modified replications of Perham et al.’s study, we presented lists of three pairs of adjectives and nouns, presented in adjective–noun or in noun–adjective order. In addition, we manipulated morphosyntactic congruence between nouns and adjectives within pairs (Exp. 1: congruently inflected vs. uninflected adjectives; Exp. 2: congruently inflected vs. incongruently inflected adjectives). Both experiments show an interaction: Word order affected recall performance only when adjectives were inflected in congruence with the corresponding noun. These findings are in line with language-based models and indicate that, in a language that determines grammaticality in an interplay of syntactic and morphosyntactic factors, word order alone is not sufficient to improve verbal short-term memory.

Short Article: Syntax and Serial Recall: How Language Supports Short-Term Memory for Order

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Perham ◽  
John E. Marsh ◽  
Dylan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
Memory For Order

The extent to which familiar syntax supports short-term serial recall of visually presented six-item sequences was shown by the superior recall of lists in which item pairs appeared in the order of “adjective–noun” (items 1–2, 3–4, 5–6)—congruent with English syntax—compared to when the order of items within pairs was reversed. The findings complement other evidence suggesting that short-term memory is an assemblage of language processing and production processes more than it is a bespoke short-term memory storage system.

Word-frequency effects on short-term memory tasks: Evidence for a redintegration process in immediate serial recall.

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hulme ◽  
Steven Roodenrys ◽  
Richard Schweickert ◽  
Gordon D. A. Brown ◽  
Sarah Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Frequency Effects

Inverting the modality effect in serial recall

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Serial Position Curve ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
Modality Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall

Differences in recall ability between immediate serial recall of auditorily and visually presented verbal material have traditionally been considered restricted to the end of to-be-recalled lists, the recency section of the serial position curve (e.g., Crowder & Morton, 1969). Later studies showed that—under certain circumstances–differences in recall between the two modalities can be observed across the whole of the list (Frankish, 1985). However in all these studies the advantage observed is for recall of material presented in the auditorily modality. Six separate conditions across four experiments demonstrate that a visual advantage can be obtained with serial recall if participants are required to recall the list in two distinct sections using serial recall. Judged on a list-wide basis, the visual advantage is of equivalent size to the auditory advantage of the classical modality effect. The results demonstrate that differences in representation of auditory and visual verbal material in short-term memory persist beyond lexical and phonological categorization and are problematic for current theories of the modality effect.

Effect of Perceiving Computing to Be an Acquirable Skill upon a Computer-Mediated Serial Recall Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Serial Recall Task ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
Traditional Assessments

Serial recall tasks assess the capacity of verbal short-term memory. The perception of computing as an acquirable skill rather than a fixed ability affected performance upon computer-based serial recall tasks but did not affect performance on comparable pencil-and-paper tasks. Computerized versions of traditional assessments should control for this.

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