scholarly journals Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight in Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Grown Periviable Neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (08) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Katherine Himes ◽  
Adriane Haragan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Absolute Percentage Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Objective Clinicians use estimated fetal weight (EFW) as a proxy for birth weight (BW) in the antenatal period. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of EFW obtained by ultrasound to BW among infants born during the periviable period and determine if accuracy of EFW varied among small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) grown neonates. Study Design We included women who delivered between 230/7 and 256/7 weeks' gestation and had an EFW within 7 days of delivery. Mean percentage difference and median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW were calculated. Results Our cohort included 226 neonates with a mean gestational age of 241/7 ± 0.8 weeks and median BW of 653 g (interquartile range [IQR]: 580–750 g). The median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW of fetal weight estimates was 9.2% (IQR: 3.6–17.2). EFW overestimated BW for 75% (n = 171) of the cohort. Among SGA infants, the mean percentage difference in EFW and BW was 16.2 ± 19.4% versus 6.9% ± 13.1% in AGA infants (p = 0.019). Conclusion EFW overestimated BW in this cohort. In addition, ultrasound was less accurate among infants born SGA. These data are important to consider when counseling families facing periviable delivery.

Eccentric placentae have reduced surface area and are associated with lower birth weight in babies small for gestational age

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ravikumar ◽  
J. Crasta ◽  
J. S. Prabhu ◽  
T. Thomas ◽  
P. Dwarkanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Placental Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractPlacental structure and function determine birth outcomes. Placental mass does not always correlate with fetal birth weight (BW) in uncomplicated pregnancies which raises the possibility of other variables such as placental shape and cord insertion being the determinants of placental efficiency. In total, 160 women with singleton pregnancy, recruited into a pregnancy cohort were studied. Placental weight (PW) was measured and other data were obtained from clinical records. Birth outcomes were classified as small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) based on fetal gender, gestational age (GA) and BW. High-resolution images of the chorionic plate were recorded. The shape of the placenta and the insertion of the cord were measured using eccentricity index (EI) and cord centrality index (CCI). Only placentae with eccentrically inserted cords (n=136) were included. The mean BW and PW were 2942 (±435) g and 414 (±82) g with average GA of 38.6 weeks. The mean CCI and EI was 0.483 (±0.17) and 0.482 (±0.16). Neither of these correlated with placental efficiency. However, EI showed negative correlation with placental surface area and breadth. Upon sub-grouping the cohort into SGA (n=32) and AGA (n=104), the SGA babies with the highest EI (third tertile) had significantly lower BW than those with the least eccentric placentae (first tertile). Although eccentric-shaped placentae were present in both SGA and AGA groups, the effect on BW was observed only in the SGA group.

scholarly journals Prenatal Prediction of Difficult Intubation in Periviable Neonates Using Standard Fetal Biometric Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Lynch ◽  
J. Glantz ◽  
Kathryn Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Intubation Difficulty ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Neonatal Birth Weight ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Objective To assess whether standard fetal biometric parameters can be used to predict difficult intubations in periviable neonates undergoing resuscitation. Study Design This is a retrospective case–control study of periviable neonates delivered at 23 to 256/7 weeks at an academic hospital during a 5-year period in whom intubation was attempted. Standard fetal biometric measurements were included if they were taken within 7 days of delivery. Primary outcome was intubation in one attempt and was compared with more than one attempt. Data were also collected for fetal gestational age at delivery, neonatal birth weight, estimated fetal weight, head circumference, biparietal diameter, and abdominal circumference. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests used p < 0.05 as significant. Results In total, 93 neonates met the inclusion criteria. The mean estimated fetal weight was 675 g (standard deviation [SD] ± 140), and the mean neonatal birth weight was 706 g (SD ± 151). The median interval between fetal ultrasound and delivery was 3 days (range: 0–7 days). A total of 45 neonates (48.3%) required more than one intubation attempt. The median number of intubation attempts was 1 (range: 1–10). There was no association between intubation difficulty and fetal abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter, head circumference, gestational age, estimated fetal weight, and neonatal birth weight (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Standard biometry in periviable neonates does not predict intubation difficulty.

scholarly journals 494: The effect of a sonographic estimated fetal weight on the risk of cesarean delivery in macrosomic and small for gestational age infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. S270
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Fox ◽  
Kathy C. Matthews ◽  
John Williamson ◽  
Simi Gupta ◽  
Jennifer Lam-Rachlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Comparison of Phototherapy Results in Small-for-Gestational-Age and Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants Weighing Less Than 2,000 Grams

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-441
Author(s):  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Nathaniel B. White ◽  
Dolores A. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

The infant who is small for gestational age (SGA) is more mature at birth than similar weight infants who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Whether the SGA infant behaves as does the larger gestationally equivalent infant, or whether there are specific changes related to intrauterine growth retardation is a matter of some interest in the understanding of the special needs of these infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) phototherapy study provided a large newborn population for whom birth weight, gestational age at birth, and, thereby, intrauterine growth were carefully assessed. Infants who weighed 2,000 g or more at birth were included in the study only when they became jaundiced, whereas infants who weighed less than 2,000 g at birth were routinely entered into the study. Consequently, this report will be limited to the lowbirth-weight population selected by birth weight. Too few SGA babies were present in the groups with greater birth weight to allow meaningful comparisons. PATIENT SELECTIQN All infants whose birth weight was less than 2,000 g were entered into the study at 24 ± 12 hours. Those excluded from the study were: (1) infants who died before 24 hours, (2) infants with serious congenital defects, and (3) infants whose mothers refused consent for study. The study population consisted of 922 infants surviving at 24 hours. Gestational age was calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period obtained from maternal history and also by the evaluation techniques of Dubowitz.25 Intrauterine growth was determined by plotting birth weight and gestational age on the Denver Intrauterine Growth Curves8; infants below the 10th percentile were considered SGA.

scholarly journals Eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in children born prematurely with birth weight less than 1500g

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia F. Neto ◽  
Mario Cicero Falcao
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Eruption Age ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To describe the eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in premature infants with birth weight less than 1500g and to compare it according to gender and nutritional status at birth. Methods: Longitudinal study including 40 low birth weight premature infants of both genders. The tooth was considered erupted when the crown went through the gum and became part of the oral environment. The comparison of the eruption chronology in relation to gender and among children appropriate or small for gestational age was done by Student's t-test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The eruption of the first tooth (teeth) occurred, on average, with 11.0±2.1 months of chronological age and with 9.6±1.9 months corrected for prematurity. The first erupted teeth were the lower central incisors. The average eruption for males was 9.7±1.9 and, for females, 9.5±1.9 months, both corrected for prematurity (p=0.98). The average eruption in children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age was 10.1±1.4 months; for small for gestational age, it was 9.4±2.2, also corrected for prematurity (p=0.07). Conclusions: The average eruption age of the first teeth, corrected for prematurity, was 9.6 months. Sex and nutritional status at birth did not change the eruption chronology.

Serum Thymic Hormone Activity and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Neonates, Preterm Infants, and Small-for-Gestational Age Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Lymphocyte Stimulation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality.

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