The Effect of Carbimazole Following Radioiodine Therapy on Radiation Dose to the Thyroid

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kocak ◽  
R.G. Herbert ◽  
C.R. Squire ◽  
T.M.D. Gimlette
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy

Radioiodine in the thyroid gland after a therapy dose of 131I was measured serially in 7 patients without Carbimazole, and in 11 patients starting Carbimazole 60 mg daily fourteen days after the therapy dose. Effective half-life for radioiodine in the gland initially 5.53±1.08 days fell to 4.26±1.12 days (p < 0.01) during Carbimazole, and returned to 5.83±1.21 days (NS) after stopping the drug. The radiation dose to the thyroid from a given therapy dose of 131I followed by Carbimazole was calculated to be 97% of that without Carbimazole when the drug was started after 14 days, and 90% and 75% when the drug was started after 7 days and 1 day respectively.

Lithium as an adjunct to radioiodine therapy in Graves’ disease for prolonging the intrathyroidal effective half-life of radioiodine

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Künstner ◽  
E. Nabavi ◽  
U. Eberlein ◽  
P. Groth ◽  
C. Schümichen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Energy Dose

Summary:Aim: Evaluation of intrathyroidal kinetics of radioiodine with and without lithium as adjunct with respect to the increase in radiation dose delivered to the thyroid. Patients, methods: 267 patients in three groups were included in the study. Group I with 227 patients served as control group, Group II with 21 patients and Group III with 19 patients were distinguished by an intrathyroidal half-life of radioiodine below 3.5 days in the diagnostic test. Patients in Group III received 885 mg lithium carbonate a day for 2 weeks as adjunct to radioiodine therapy. Both diagnostic and therapeutic radioiodine kinetics were followed up by at least 10 uptake measurements within a minimum of 48 h. Kinetics of radioiodine were defined mathematically as balance of the thyroidal iodine intake and excretion by a twocompartment model. Results: Under therapy the maximum uptake of radioiodine was reduced by nearly 10% in all groups, in Group I, the effective half-life as well as the product of maximum uptake x effective half-life as an equivalent of radiation dose independent of thyroid volume was lowered in the same magnitude. In Group II, the energy- dose equivalent remained constant under therapy. With adjunct lithium in Group III, the effective half-life was prolonged significantly by factor 1.61 ± 0.49 and the volume- independent energy-dose equivalent by factor 1.39 ± 0.37. No severe side effects of lithium were observed. Conclusion: Using lithium as adjunct to radioiodine therapy increases the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid by 39% on average and nearly 30% of radioiodine activity can be saved in these patients. Lithium is recommended in patients with very short effective half-life in the diagnostic test in order to reduce the activity required and whole-body radiation dose.

Influence of iodine application during radioiodine therapy in case of impending therapy failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Urbannek ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
D. Moka ◽  
H. W. Hillger ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Toxic Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Iodine 131

Summary Aim: We investigated whether additional application of “cold” iodine after therapy with radioiodine could result in a prolongation of the effective half life of iodine-131 and would thus lead to an increase of the effective thyroid radiation dose. Methods: Time-activitycurves after therapy with radioiodine were analysed in 25 patients (16 women, 9 men). Nine patients suffered from autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, 5 from autonomous multinodular goiter and 11 from Graves’ disease. These patients had an effective half life shorter than 4 days resulting in an undertreatment of > 20% with respect to the desired effective thyroid radiation dose. 2-4 days after therapy with radioiodine all patients received “cold” iodine for three days in a dose of 3 × 200 μg per day. Results: In 14 of the 25 patients an increase of the effective half life was observed. Patients with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule showed a mean increase of the effective thyroid radiation dose of 40 ± 44 Gy, patients with toxic multinodular goiter of 29 ± 30 Gy and patients with Graves’ disease of 37 ± 37 Gy. Conclusion: Additional application of “cold” iodine after therapy with radioiodine can prolong the effective half life in selected patients. We suspect a correlation with the thyroid iodine pool. This will be the basis for further investigations hopefully resulting in a better patient preselection to determine who might respond to this therapy.

Radiation Dose Evaluation of Typical Design Basis Accident for Advanced PWR in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Shaowei Wang ◽  
Xinlu Tian ◽  
Fudong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Loss Of Coolant Accident ◽  
Design Basis Accident ◽  
Typical Design ◽  
Total Effective Dose

Abstract The loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is one of the typical design basis accidents for nuclear power plant. Radionuclides leak to the environment and cause harm to the public in LOCA. Accurate evaluation of radioactivity and radiation dose in accident is crucial. The radioactivity and radiation dose model in LOCA were established, and used to analyze the radiological consequence at exclusion area boundary (EAB) and the outer boundary of low population zone (LPZ) for Hualong 1. The results indicated that the long half-life nuclides, such as 131I, 133I, 135I, 85Kr, 131mXe, 133mXe and 133Xe, released to environment continuously, while the short half-life nuclides, such as 132I, 134I, 83mKr, 85mKr, 87Kr, 88Kr, 135mXe and 138Xe, no longer released to environment after a few hours in LOCA. 133Xe may release the largest radioactivity to environment, more than 1015Bq. Inhalation dose was the major contribution to the total effective dose. The total effective dose and thyroid dose of Hualong 1 at EAB and the outer boundary of LPZ fully met the requirements of Chinese GB6249.

LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF RADIOIODINE THERAPY FOR JUVENILE GRAVES DISEASE WITH EMPHASIS ON SUBSEQUENTLY DETECTED THYROID NODULES: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE FROM JAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Mizokami ◽  
Katsuhiko Hamada ◽  
Tetsushi Maruta ◽  
Kiichiro Higashi ◽  
Junichi Tajiri
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of radioiodine therapy (RIT) for juvenile Graves disease (GD) and the ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid gland. Methods: All of 117 juvenile patients (25 males and 92 females, aged 10 to 18 [median 16] years) who had undergone RIT for GD at our clinic between 1999 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each RIT session was delivered on an outpatient basis. The maximum 131I dose per treatment was 13.0 mCi, and the total 131I dose per patient was 3.6 to 29.8 mCi (median, 13.0 mCi). 131I administration was performed once in 89 patients, twice in 26, and three times in 2 patients. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was regularly performed after RIT. The duration of follow-up after the initial RIT ranged from 4 to 226 (median 95) months. Results: At the latest follow-up more than 12 months after RIT (n = 111), the patients' thyroid functions were overt hypothyroidism (91%), subclinical hypothyroidism (2%), normal (5%), or subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%). New thyroid nodules were detected in 9 patients, 4 to 17 years after initial RIT. Patients with newly detected thyroid nodules underwent RIT with lower doses of 131I and had larger residual thyroid volumes than those without nodules. None of the patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer or other malignancies during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Over a median follow-up period of 95 months (range, 4 to 226 months), RIT was found to be effective and safe in juvenile GD. However, cumulative evidence from further studies is required to confirm the long-term safety of RIT for juvenile GD. Abbreviations: ATD = antithyroid drug; GD = Graves disease; KI = potassium iodide; LT4 = levothyroxine; MMI = methimazole; PTU = propylthiouracil; RAIU = radio-active iodine uptake; RIT = radioiodine therapy; 99mTc = technetium-99m; TSH = thyrotropin

Blood Radiation Dose During Radioiodine Therapy of Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma

Radiology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seidlin ◽  
A. Aaron Yalow ◽  
Edward Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy

Relationship between cumulative radiation dose and salivary gland uptake associated with radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Jentzen ◽  
Elke Schneider ◽  
Lutz Freudenberg ◽  
Ernst G. Eising ◽  
Rainer G??rges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose

Predictive value of scintigraphic (semi-)quantitative thyroid parameters on radioiodine therapy outcome in hyperthyroid cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
Veerle Volckaert ◽  
Eva Vandermeulen ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Sylvie Daminet ◽  
Jimmy H Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Sodium Pertechnetate ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Total Thyroxine

Objectives The outcome of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroid cats is suspected to be influenced by multiple factors. The degree of activity of the thyroid gland, represented by uptake of sodium pertechnetate or tracer activities of radioiodine by the thyroid gland on thyroid scintigraphy, has been suggested in the literature as one of those. Thyroid gland pertechnetate uptake can be represented by (semi-)quantitative factors such as the thyroid to salivary gland (T/S) ratio, the thyroid to background (T/B) ratio and the percentage technetium uptake by the thyroid glands (%TcU). The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between these thyroid scan parameters and radioiodine therapy outcome. Methods Sodium pertechnetate thyroid scans of 75 hyperthyroid cats were retrospectively evaluated and statistical analysis was performed with and without correction for injected radioiodine activity. Three different background regions of interest (ROIs) were used to calculate the T/B ratio and %TcU: ‘neck’, ‘circle’ and ‘copy ROI’. Results Higher T/S ratios were found to be significantly related to a persistent hyperthyroid outcome in both analyses. For the T/S ratio, a threshold value of 5.4 was determined, with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 59%. An increased risk for persistent hyperthyroidism compared with a final euthyroid outcome with an increased T/Bcircle ratio was only found to be significant without correction for the activity of radioiodine administered. For the %TcU no statistical significance was reached. Regarding a low total thyroxine outcome, no significant relationships with any of the investigated parameters were found. Conclusions and relevance The findings of this study suggest that semi-quantification of thyroid gland uptake is best performed using the T/S ratio. A T/S ratio ⩾5.4 is a possible indicator for an increased risk of persistent hyperthyroidism.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY IODINE ON THE UTILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODIDE BY THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
In Vivo Measurements ◽  
Biological Half Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Life Values

Sprague–Dawley rats were fed on diets ranging from 40 μg I/kg to 3885 μg I/kg. Single doses of iodide-131 were injected intraperitoneally into each of the rats. In vivo measurements of radioisotope levels were made at intervals for 11 to 15 days over the neck and thorax. Thyroidal I131 curves were obtained by using a fraction of the thoracic counts to correct for the extrathyroidal component of the neck counts. Animals on low-iodine diets concentrated I131 in their thyroids more rapidly and to greater peak values, had lower protein-bound iodine (I127) concentrations, and lower total thyroidal iodide (I127) content than did rats in the high-iodine groups. An attempt was made to compensate the thyroidal counts for the continuing decrease in the concentration of iodide-131 in the plasma. From this attempt was derived the "thyroidal index", a parameter which may be related to the rate of exchange of the total thyroidal iodine stores. Biological half-life values (I131 in thyroid gland) for the low-iodine groups were larger than those for the high-iodine animals. The hypothesis is advanced that, at least for the conditions reported here, the biological half-life does not adequately reflect thyroidal activity; exchange of iodine between the rat and its environment is considered to be the more important factor in controlling the numerical value of this parameter.

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