Effect of Homeopathic Dilutions of Cuprum Arsenicosum on the Electrical Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene)

Background We report the effects of nanoparticles in homeopathic preparations of copper salts on the electrical properties of polymer film. Previous work showed that the incorporation of metal-derived homeopathic medicines increases the dielectric constant and alternating current (AC) conductivity of an electroactive polymer film that is commonly used as a capacitor in the electronic industry.We report here the effect of dilution of one homeopathic medicine, Cuprum arsenicosum (CuAs), at 200C potency on the electrical properties of the polymer film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). Methods CuAs 200c was incorporated in the film by the solution casting method. The electrical characteristics were measured at different frequencies using an inductance, capacitance, and resistance meter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect phase change in the polymer film due to the incorporation of CuAs. Morphology and particle size were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Results At 10 kHz frequency, both dielectric constant and AC conductivity increased approximately 18 times for the polymer film when incorporated with 2 mL CuAs at 200C potency. FTIR indicated the increase in conducting phase, while FESEM and EDX confirmed the presence of spherical CuAs particles. Conclusion The incorporation of CuAs in the electroactive polymer film enhances the conductivity and dielectric constant. We conclude that these changes arise from the change in phase of the polymer film, and because of the presence of two different metals that affects the interfacial polarization.

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Dielectric Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Composites with Graphite Nanosheet and Nickel Particle

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2019.16137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 3591-3596 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lirong Wu ◽

Dandan Yang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Dielectric Constant ◽

Dielectric Properties ◽

Dielectric Loss ◽

Ac Conductivity ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Graphite Nanosheet ◽

Dielectric Performance ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

The nickel (Ni) particles and graphite nanosheet (GNS) filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were prepared by solution blending and hot-press processing in the magnetic field. The influence of Ni particles and GNS fillers for the structure, morphology, AC conductivity, dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of composites was investigated. The results showed that the β-phase crystals of PVDF matrix was increased obviously. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PVDF/Ni/GNS composite reached to 10−9 s/cm, 62 and 0.39 when the filler loading was 11 wt.% at 102 Hz, respectively. At the ratio of 15 wt.% filler, the AC conductivity of PVDF/Ni/GNS composite was vastly improved to 10−6 s/cm, however, the dielectric constant increased to ~80 and dielectric loss was over 600 at 102 Hz. By comparing the dielectric performance of PVDF/Ni/GNS, PVDF/Ni and PVDF/GNS composites, it is found that the parallel arrangement of the filler conduces to improve the dielectric properties of the composites. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of PVDF/Ni/GNS composites increased with the increase of Ni and GNS contents and the value raised to over 0.5 W/mK when filler loading was 15 wt.%.

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Preparation and electrical properties of γ form poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin film by vapour deposition in the presence of an electric field

Thin Solid Films ◽

10.1016/0040-6090(91)90091-b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 202 (2) ◽

pp. 213-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Akiyoshi Takeno ◽

Norimasa Okui ◽

Tetsuji Kitoh ◽

Michiharu Muraoka ◽

Susumu Umemoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Electric Field ◽

Vapour Deposition ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

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The structural spectra of high dilutions and their unconventional application

International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 ◽

10.51910/ijhdr.v15i1.815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Saurav Arora

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Structure ◽

Laser Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Laser Raman ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

High Dilutions

Until few years, the so-called implausible science, homeopathy, was on the verge of being rejected on conventional physicochemical grounds. The mere selection of ultrahigh dilutions (UHD) (homeopathic potencies) for experimentation by mainstream scientists seemed impossible, but the curiosity to explore the science behind homeopathy kept igniting intellectual alma mater who subjected homeopathy to laboratories and test tubes, to know beyond its clinical application. Still, there exist a huge gap and a challenge to convince a conventional scientist to go beyond his domains and look for something which is apparently invisible (beyond Avogadro). But gradually we are overcoming this dogma and exploring the finer aspects and applications of UHDs. Much research has been undertaken, at least, to protect the identity of UHDs, and we are now verge of proving the plausibility of homeopathy from every aspect. This issue of International Journal of High Dilution Research features two interesting articles on nature of UHDs and their unconventional application. The first article by NC Sukul et al aimed to decipher the nature of the water structure of UHDs of two commonly used homeopathic drugs Natrum muriaticum and Sulphur by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. This work is in the series undertaken by the group, who earlier experimented using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Electronic, Vibrational and Raman spectroscopy to shown differences in UHDs of various drugs. The present experiment could differentiate the intensities (potencies) of Nat-m and Sulph when compared to their controls, on the basis of hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups. The second article by Nandy et al proposes a new dimension to the application of UHD. In an interesting manner, the author used UHDs of Ferrum metallicum and Zincum oxidatum to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). The PVDF-HFP composite films were synthesized in their usual way, but an incorporation of Ferrum and Zinc-o could make the film as homeo-PVDF-composite. This enhancement of the electrical properties and are possibly due to the presence of nanoparticle, as hypothesized by the group. The nature and application of UHDs are promising but challenging areas, which can only be validated through extensive research and validation. The realm of UHDs is expanding, and the day is not far when plausibility of homeopathy would be proved from every aspect, but at the same time we should also keep the momentum of research at pace in clinical research too!

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