The structural spectra of high dilutions and their unconventional application

Author(s):  
Saurav Arora

Until few years, the so-called implausible science, homeopathy, was on the verge of being rejected on conventional physicochemical grounds. The mere selection of ultrahigh dilutions (UHD) (homeopathic potencies) for experimentation by mainstream scientists seemed impossible, but the curiosity to explore the science behind homeopathy kept igniting intellectual alma mater who subjected homeopathy to laboratories and test tubes, to know beyond its clinical application. Still, there exist a huge gap and a challenge to convince a conventional scientist to go beyond his domains and look for something which is apparently invisible (beyond Avogadro). But gradually we are overcoming this dogma and exploring the finer aspects and applications of UHDs. Much research has been undertaken, at least, to protect the identity of UHDs, and we are now verge of proving the plausibility of homeopathy from every aspect. This issue of International Journal of High Dilution Research features two interesting articles on nature of UHDs and their unconventional application. The first article by NC Sukul et al aimed to decipher the nature of the water structure of UHDs of two commonly used homeopathic drugs Natrum muriaticum and Sulphur by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. This work is in the series undertaken by the group, who earlier experimented using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Electronic, Vibrational and Raman spectroscopy to shown differences in UHDs of various drugs. The present experiment could differentiate the intensities (potencies) of Nat-m and Sulph when compared to their controls, on the basis of hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups. The second article by Nandy et al proposes a new dimension to the application of UHD. In an interesting manner, the author used UHDs of Ferrum metallicum and Zincum oxidatum to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). The PVDF-HFP composite films were synthesized in their usual way, but an incorporation of Ferrum and Zinc-o could make the film as homeo-PVDF-composite. This enhancement of the electrical properties and are possibly due to the presence of nanoparticle, as hypothesized by the group. The nature and application of UHDs are promising but challenging areas, which can only be validated through extensive research and validation. The realm of UHDs is expanding, and the day is not far when plausibility of homeopathy would be proved from every aspect, but at the same time we should also keep the momentum of research at pace in clinical research too!

Author(s):  
Ahana Chatterjee ◽  
Biplab kumar Paul ◽  
Subrata Kar ◽  
Sukhen Das ◽  
Ruma Basu ◽  
...  

In an effort to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), we introduced a novel and simple approach to synthesize PVDF-HFP composite films by incorporating ultrahigh dilutions of two homeopathic medicines Ferrum metallicum (FM) and Zincum oxidatum (ZO) in different potencies. The homeo-PVDF-composite films (HPCF) were synthesized by simple solution casting technique. XRD, FESEM, FTIR studies were performed to check the presence of nanoparticles in the film. The electrical properties of the HPCF samples get enhanced significantly due to the incorporation of the medicines and the effect increases with the increase in potency of the medicines.


Author(s):  
Atheni Konar ◽  
Tandra Sarkar ◽  
Indrani Chakraborty ◽  
Nirmal Chandra Sukul ◽  
Dipanwita Majumdar ◽  
...  

Objective: To decipher the nature of water structure in two ultrahigh diluted (UHD) homeopathic drugs by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. Method: Two homeopathic drugs Calcarea carbonica (Calc.) and Sepia officinalis (Sep.) in 8cH, 202cH, and 1002cH and their diluent medium 90% ethanol in 8cH and 202cH were used in the present study. Laser Raman spectra of all the samples were obtained in the wave number region of 2400 – 4200 cm-1. The intensity ratio at vibration frequencies between 3200 and 3420 (R1) and that between 3620 and 3420 (R2) were calculated for each UHD of the samples. Results: The spectra show a marked difference in intensities in the stretching vibrations of CH and OH groups of all the samples. R1 values for three UHDs of Calc. and Sep. show negative and positive relationships, respectively. In the case of R2 values, the relationship in three UHDs is 81002 for Calc., and 8> 202 < 1002 for Sep. In the case of control (ethanol UHDs) both R1 and R2 show a negative relationship. Conclusion: R1 denotes a relative number of OH groups with strong and weak hydrogen bonds. R2 indicates the relative number of OH groups with broken and weak H-bonds. Therefore, the UHDs of the two drugs and the control are different from each other with respect to hydrogen bond strength of OH groups and the number of free OH groups or non-hydrogen bonded water molecules.


Author(s):  
Tandra Sarkar ◽  
Atheni Konar ◽  
Nirmal Chandra Sukul ◽  
Dipanwita Majumdar ◽  
Achintya Singha ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective The present study aims at deciphering the nature of the water structure in two drugs at ultra high dilution (HD) by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. Method Two drugs like Sulphur and Natrum mur and their three high dilutions 30cH, 200cH and 1000cH were selected for the study. The 30cH means dilution 1060 with mechanical agitation in 30 steps.Raman spectra of the drugs and their medium (90%ethanol)were obtained in the wave number region of 2600-3800 cm-1. The intensity ratio at vibration frequencies between 3220 and 3420 (R1) and that between 3620 and 3420 (R2) were calculated for each HD as well as the control. Results Raman spectra show differences in intensities in different HD’s and their control in the stretching vibrations of CH and OH groups. The three HD’s of each drug show inverse relationship with respect to the R1 values. However, for R2 the relationship of HD’s for each drug is positive. Conclusion R1 provides information about the relative number of OH groups with strong and weak hydrogen bonds. R2 suggests the relative number of OH groups with broken and weak hydrogen bonds. Judged from R1 values the lower is the rank of HD, the stronger is the H-bond of the OH groups. In the light of R2 values the higher is the HD rank the more abundant is the free OH groups. So, hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups together make an effective HD rank relating to Sulphur and Natrum mur.


1991 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Takeno ◽  
Norimasa Okui ◽  
Tetsuji Kitoh ◽  
Michiharu Muraoka ◽  
Susumu Umemoto ◽  
...  

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