Interaction of Bacterial Endotoxin and Liquoid with Blood Platelets: Aggregation and Decrease in the Electrokinetic Charge

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A Gröttum ◽  
P. F Hjort ◽  
M Jeremic
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Dextran Sulphate ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

SummaryThe effects of Endotoxin and Liquoid on the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets and erythrocytes in vitro and on rabbit platelets and erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro have been investigated.Liquoid reduced the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets to 74% of normal and rabbit platelets to 59% in vitro and to 68% of normal in vivo, while the erythrocytes were unchanged. Liquoid induced massive aggregation of both human and rabbit platelets. In very high concentrations, Liquoid increased the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets and did not induce aggregation.Endotoxin reduced the electrophoretic mobility of rabbit platelets to 83% of normal and aggregated the platelets, but had none of these effects on human platelets.The effects of Endotoxin and Liquoid were inhibited by EDTA, but not by ADPase, suggesting that aggregation was not mediated through ADP.We conclude that Liquoid has the same pattern of effects on the electrokinetic charge of platelets and platelet aggregation as the acid polymeric agents dextran sulphate and heparin. There was good correlation between reduction in the electrokinetic charge of the platelets and platelet aggregation. There were striking similarities between the effects of these agents and Endotoxin.

scholarly journals Survival and recovery of human platelets stored for five days in a non- plasma medium

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Adams ◽  
SD Swenson ◽  
G Rock
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Plasma Medium ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
In Vivo Recovery ◽  
Human Blood Platelets

Abstract Human blood platelets were stored for five days as concentrates in 60 mL of: (a) plasma; (b) non-plasma medium with anticoagulant; and (c) non-plasma medium without anticoagulant. All preparations were equally functional when tested for platelet aggregation and release reaction in response to single agonist or synergistic pairs of agonists in vitro. Platelets stored in non-plasma medium with anti-coagulant had lower kallikrein, fibrino(gen)peptide A, lactate, and beta-thromboglobulin than did plasma controls after five days. In vivo recovery and survival of platelets stored in non-plasma medium with anticoagulant were 51.2% +/- 4.3% and 8.7 +/- 0.3 days, respectively, which were not statistically different from plasma controls of 39.2% +/- 4.9% and 7.2 +/- 0.8 days, respectively. It is concluded that platelets can be stored for five days in a non-plasma medium and still have good in vivo recoveries and survivals.

scholarly journals Survival and recovery of human platelets stored for five days in a non- plasma medium

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Adams ◽  
SD Swenson ◽  
G Rock
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Plasma Medium ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
In Vivo Recovery ◽  
Human Blood Platelets

Human blood platelets were stored for five days as concentrates in 60 mL of: (a) plasma; (b) non-plasma medium with anticoagulant; and (c) non-plasma medium without anticoagulant. All preparations were equally functional when tested for platelet aggregation and release reaction in response to single agonist or synergistic pairs of agonists in vitro. Platelets stored in non-plasma medium with anti-coagulant had lower kallikrein, fibrino(gen)peptide A, lactate, and beta-thromboglobulin than did plasma controls after five days. In vivo recovery and survival of platelets stored in non-plasma medium with anticoagulant were 51.2% +/- 4.3% and 8.7 +/- 0.3 days, respectively, which were not statistically different from plasma controls of 39.2% +/- 4.9% and 7.2 +/- 0.8 days, respectively. It is concluded that platelets can be stored for five days in a non-plasma medium and still have good in vivo recoveries and survivals.

The Effects of Brinolase (Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Aspergillus Oryzae) on Platelet Aggregation of Dog and Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. E Roschlau ◽  
R Gage
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Blood Platelet Aggregation

SummaryInhibition of blood platelet aggregation by brinolase (fibrinolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae) has been demonstrated with human platelets in vitro and with dog platelets in vivo and in vitro, using both ADP and collagen as aggregating stimuli. It is suggested that the optimal inhibitory effects of brinolase occur indirectly through the generation of plasma fibrinogen degradation products, without compromising platelet viability, rather than by direct proteolysis of platelet structures.

Effects of Bupranolol, a New β-Blocker, on Platelet Functions of Rabbit and Human in Vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Umetsu ◽  
Kazuko Sanai ◽  
Tadakatsu Kato
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryThe effects of bupranolol, a new β-blocker, on platelet functions were investigated in vitro in rabbits and humans as compared with propranolol, a well-known β-blocker. At first, the effect of adrenaline on ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation was studied because adrenaline alone induces little or no aggregation of rabbit platelets. Enhancement of ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation by adrenaline was confirmed, as previously reported by Sinakos and Caen (1967). In addition the degree of the enhancement was proved to be markedly affected by the concentration of ADP and to increase with decreasing concentration of ADP, although the maximum aggregation (percent) was decreased.Bupranolol and propranolol inhibited the (adrenaline-ADP-)induced aggregation of rabbit platelets, bupranolol being approximately 2.4–3.2 times as effective as propranolol. Bupranolol stimulated the disaggregation of platelet aggregates induced by a combination of adrenaline and ADP, but propranolol did not. Platelet adhesion in rabbit was also inhibited by the β-blockers and bupranolol was more active than propranolol. With human platelets, aggregation induced by adrenaline was inhibited by bupranolol about 2.8–3.3 times as effectively as propranolol.From these findings. We would suggest that bupranolol might be useful for prevention or treatment of thrombosis.

Interactions Between Blood Platelets and Vascular Endothelium in vitro Studies

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Gimbrone ◽  
K.D. Curwen ◽  
R. I. Handin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Platelet Adherence

Endothelial cells (EC) can actively influence the hemostatic response at sites of vascular injury through multiple mechanisms. For example, EC can degrade adenosine diphosphate, release plasminogen activator, and synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. We have examined whether PGI2 also might account for the normal lack of platelet adherence to the uninjured EC surface. In a monolayer adherence assay, radiolabeled human platelets in citrated plasma showed minimal interaction with primary cultures of human EC (<1 platelet adhering per cell). Platelets from aspirin-treated and untreated donors behaved similarly. However, aspirin pretreatment of EC consistently resulted in ~2-fold increases in platelet adherence which could be completely abolished by exogenous PGI2 (0.5–1.0 μg/ml). SV40-transformed human EC (SVHEC), which are deficient in PGI2 production compared to primary EC, showed 10-30 times more platelet adherence. Exogenous PGI2 produced a dose - related (.001-1.0 μg/ml) decrease in platelet adherence to SVHEC but did not result in the basal levels observed with normal EC monolayers. These data suggest that : 1) In addition to its effects on platelet aggregation, PGI2 can influence platelet endothelial cell interactions; 2) The increased platelet reactivity of transformed EC is associated with, but not completely attributable, to decreased PGI2 production; and 3) Factors other than PGI2 may play a role in the thromboresistance of normal vascular endothelium.

Arginine vasopressin release from human platelets after irreversible aggregation

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Anfossi ◽  
Elena Mularoni ◽  
Mariella Trovati ◽  
Paola Massucco ◽  
Luigi Mattiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Irreversible Aggregation ◽  
Local Release

1. The release of arginine vasopressin from human platelets was investigated in platelet-rich plasma after irreversible aggregation induced by adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate, collagen, sodium arachidonate, thrombin and adrenaline in vitro. 2. Arginine vasopressin levels were significantly higher in the supernatant from stimulated platelet-rich plasma than from unstimulated samples, reaching 3.5 × 10−12 (range 1.6–12.5 × 10−12) mol/l in the absence of an aggregating agent, 8.8 × 10−12 (range 4.2–17.5 × 10−12) mol/l after adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate, 13.7 × 10−12 (2.2–63.2 × 10−12) mol/l after collagen, 7.8 × 10−12 (2.2–14.6 × 10−12) mol/l after sodium arachidonate, 7.8 × 10−12 (2.2–16.3 × 10−12) mol/l after thrombin and 12.2 × 10−12 (4.8–32.1 × 10−12) mol/l after adrenaline. 3. An arginine vasopressin level of 18 × 10−12 mol/l, which can be achieved physiologically, increased the sensitivity of platelets to adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate and collagen in vitro; the same concentration of arginine vasopressin caused a potentiation of the effect of catecholamines on the response of platelets to sodium arachidonate. 4. These results indicate that intraplatelet arginine vasopressin is released during aggregation and suggest that a local release of arginine vasopressin could occur after complete platelet aggregation in vivo.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Platelet Survival by Different Methods in the Rabbit

Blood ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIRLEY EBBE ◽  
MARIO BALDINI ◽  
JANET DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Sodium Chromate ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Rabbit Platelets

Abstract Four methods for measuring the survival of homologous platelets in rabbits were studied: (1) transfusion of nonradioactive platelet concentrates to thrombocytopenic recipients, (2) transfusion of concentrates of platelets labeled in vitro with Cr51-sodium chromate, (3) transfusion of concentrates of platelets labeled in vivo with P32-orthophosphate and (4) transfusion of whole blood labeled in vivo with P32-orthophosphate. The survival time of platelets in normal rabbits was 3-4 days. From comparison of the 3 methods using platelet concentrates, the following conclusions were drawn. (1) All the platelets in a platelet concentrate were capable of recirculating after transfusion. (2) Labeling with P32 or Cr51 did not damage platelets. (3) About one-third of the Cr51 was immediately eluted from viable platelets after they were transfused. (4) Further exchange of the label in vivo did not occur to a significant degree with either Cr51 or P32. (5) Cr51 did not elute from platelets during storage of the platelets. (6) Studies of rabbit platelets had applicability in predicting the behavior of human platelets.

Properties of an Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation and Thromboxane Synthesis Isolated from Onion and Garlic

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Makheja ◽  
J.Y. Vanderhoek ◽  
J.M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Inhibit Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Mild Acid

Onion (allium cepa) and garlic (allium sativum) inhibit platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. An oily chloroform extract of onion was prepared and the anti-platelet activity was purified using standard chromatographic procedures. Inhibitory activity from onion is associated with a non-polar material not inactivated by mild acid or alkali and stable to heating. Similar inhibitory properties were observed with both onion oil and garlic oil (I50/ml PRP = 30-100 μg with different samples of human and rabbit platelets). Platelets incubated with onion inhibitor and 1-14C arachidonic acid showed striking changes in the pattern of radioactive metabolites formed. Most apparent was the almost complete suppression of thromboxane B2 synthesis and the appearance of a new metabolite identified as a product of the platelet lipoxygenase. Measurements of oxygen consumption of treated platelets indicate that these materials inhibit the platelet cyclooxygenase. Similar inhibition of sheep vesicular gland cyclooxygenase was observed with onion oil but not with garlic. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of active extracts of onion and garlic show differences in several major components which may relate to the observed differences in biological activity. The results indicate that two members of the allium family commonly used in the diet contain chemically similar compounds which inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking thromboxane synthesis.

Membrane Glycoproteins of Human and Rabbit Platelets: Studies In Vitro and after Circulation in Vivo

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. George ◽  
P. C. Lewis ◽  
D. A. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Trypsin Hydrolysis ◽  
Initial Recovery

The initial events of hemostasis and thrombosis involve platelet contact interactions and may be mediated by surface glycoproteins. Human and rabbit platelets were labeled with 125I-diazotized diiodosulfanilic acid (I), which reacts covalently with proteins, and proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Only exposed membrane proteins were labeled because: 1) protein specific activity of membranes was 4-7 times that of whole platelets, 2) different proteins were labeled when I was reacted with isolated membranes, and 3) trypsin-hydrolysis of labeled intact platelets altered the radioactive peaks. Like Phillips (Biochem. 11, 4582, 72) and Nachman et al. (JBC 248, 2928, 73) we found that lactoperoxidase iodinated the 93,000 dalton glycoprotein (GP) of human platelets. In contrast, I labeled both the 93,000 and 118,000 dalton membrane GP of human platelets, and all 3 membrane GP of rabbit platelets.Rabbit platelets labeled simultaneously with I and 51Cr had identical density and therefore age distribution of the 2 labels. After infusion into rabbits, initial recovery of I was 23% of the Cr recovery. After 3 hrs, I disappearance was exponential and more rapid (T/2 = 17 hrs) than the linear Cr disappearance (T/2 = 30 hrs, p < .01). This was due to in vivo removal of I from circulating platelets since 1 did not elute more rapidly from platelets harvested after 3 hrs circulation and incubated in plasma at 37° (T/2 of I elution = 43 hrs, Cr = 33 hrs). Platelets harvested after 14-20 hrs circulation had the same distribution of I on the membrane GP as before circulation. We postulate that this symmetrical label loss indicates uniform loss of membrane GP, suggesting that platelets lose pieces of their plasma membrane during circulation. This could occur during contact interaction in the process of hemostasis.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC PHOSPHATES ON THE ROOT EFFECT OF MULTIPLE FISH HAEMOGLOBINS

1990 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERND PELSTER ◽  
ROY E. WEBER
Keyword(s):  
Root Effect ◽  
Organic Phosphates ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
Very High ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data

The influence of organic phosphates on the reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity at low pH (Root effect) in multiple fish haemoglobins has been analysed spectrophotometrically. In stripped haemolysates of carp, trout and eel, the Root effect in the presence of ATP was manifested below pH7.0. In the absence of phosphates, it was only found in trout haemolysate In the pH range between 8.5 and 6.1 no Root effect could be induced in the cathodic component (Hbl) of either trout or eel haemoglobin, even in the presence of very high concentrations of ATP or GTP. This was also true for component II (Hbll) of trout. The anodic component (HblV) of both species, however, exhibited a strong Root effect potentiated by NTP. At the same NTP/Hb4 concentration ratio, GTP was much more effective than ATP in both species The involvement of different haemoglobin components in the generation of high oxygen tensions in the fish swimbladder is discussed by comparing in vivo Root effect data obtained with an eel swimbladder preparation with in vitro data measured in eel blood and haemoglobin.

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