scholarly journals Histogenesis of Human Fetal Spleen

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Sonali Thomas ◽  
DN Sinha ◽  
AK Singh ◽  
Deepa Deopa ◽  
Richa Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Lymphoid Follicle ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Lymphatic Organ ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells ◽  
Literature Material

Abstract Background and Aims: Spleen is the largest secondary lymphatic organ. It acts as a graveyard for RBCs, is essential for immune responses, performs lymphopoiesis in adults and haemopoiesis in fetuses. The present study was conducted to assess the histogenesis of spleen in human fetuses in view of existing literature. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 34 formalin preserved human fetuses procured from Dr Sushila Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani with due clearance from ethical committee. The 6 pm sections of the spleen were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and observed under light microscope. Results: At 14 tol5 weeks, spleen had extensive sinusoids filled with RBCs and few lymphocytes. At 16-18 weeks, trabecular arteries were noticed more towards centre along with extensive haemopoietic cells in the venous sinusoids. By 20th week lymphocytic aggregation had started around arterioles. By 24 weeks periarteriolar lymphatic sheath was clearly observed. At term (37-40 weeks), classical primary lymphoid follicle was present but germinal centers were not observed. Conclusion: During earlier differentiation, spleen symbolizes the function of haemopoietic activities and gradually during subsequent gestation; it establishes its identity as a principle lymphoid tissue.

The Biology of Germinal Centers in Lymphoid Tissue

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jeanette Thorbecke ◽  
Vincent K. Tsiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Germinal Centers

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Homing to Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Is Mediated by L-selectin/PNAd, α4β1 Integrin/VCAM-1, and LFA-1 Adhesion Pathways

2003 ◽  
Vol 197 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohui Xu ◽  
Norbert Wagner ◽  
Linh Nguyen Pham ◽  
Vincent Magno ◽  
Zhongyan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Selectin Ligand ◽  
High Level ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) participates in airway immune responses. However, little is known about the lymphocyte–endothelial adhesion cascades that recruit lymphocytes from blood into BALT. We show that high endothelial venules (HEVs) in BALT express substantial levels of VCAM-1, in marked contrast to HEVs in other secondary lymphoid tissues. BALT HEVs also express the L-selectin ligand PNAd. Anti–L-selectin, anti-PNAd, and anti–LFA-1 mAbs almost completely block the homing of B and T lymphocytes into BALT, whereas anti–α4 integrin and anti–VCAM-1 mAbs inhibit homing by nearly 40%. α4β7 integrin and MAdCAM-1 are not involved. Importantly, we found that mAbs against α4 integrin and VCAM-1 significantly block the migration of total T cells (80% memory phenotype) but not naive T and B cells to BALT. These results suggest that an adhesion cascade, which includes L-selectin/PNAd, α4β1 integrin/VCAM-1, and LFA-1, targets specific lymphocyte subsets to BALT. This high level of involvement of α4β1 integrin/VCAM-1 is unique among secondary lymphoid tissues, and may help unify lymphocyte migration pathways and immune responses in BALT and other bronchopulmonary tissues.

Functional zones of Peyer’s patch (PPs) in rabbits’ caecum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. O. Nikitina ◽  
M. V. Kravtsova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A feature of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue is that its structure is more developed than in other animal species. In rabbits it is composed of sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches. These immune formations contain an organized component of lymphoid tissue – lymphoid nodules (B-cell zone) and interfollicular region (T-cell). Secondary lymphoid nodules with germinal centers presented in them are formed due to antigen stimulation. The caecum of Hyplus rabbits at the age of 30 -, 60 - and 90-days was investigated. Each age group consisted of 5 rabbits. Experimental rabbits are clinically healthy, unvaccinated and untreated against ecto- and endoparasites. Peyer’s patches of the caecum were selected for the study and fixed in 10% of formalin. Subsequently, the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were prepared from the obtained samples. On the 30th day of life, Peyer’s patches in the cecum were detected by gross examination. On the histological level, they had formed interfollicular region and lymphoid nodules. In turn, lymphoid nodules were divided into primary and secondary ones. A well-defined mantle zone and germinal centers were observed in the secondary lymphoid nodules. The regularities of their area indicators increase (mean value, median and interquartile range (IQR)) and their correlation were studied. The most intensive growth of the mantle area and the germinal center was observed from the 30th to the 60th day. The relative area of the mantle zone and the germinal center as part of the secondary lymphoid nodule was determined. Its value did not change during the experimental period.

scholarly journals Immunological association of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue organogenesis in Ag85B-rHPIV2 vaccine-induced anti-tuberculosis mucosal immune responses in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nagatake ◽  
Hidehiko Suzuki ◽  
So-ichiro Hirata ◽  
Naomi Matsumoto ◽  
Yasuko Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses

scholarly journals Prebiotics Modulate Immune Responses in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of Chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Janardhana ◽  
Mary M. Broadway ◽  
Matthew P. Bruce ◽  
John W. Lowenthal ◽  
Mark S. Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue

Liposomal α-galactosylceramide is taken up by gut-associated lymphoid tissue and stimulates local and systemic immune responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Kaneko ◽  
Arlene McDowell ◽  
Yasuyuki Ishii ◽  
Sarah Hook
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue

scholarly journals Germinal centers in human lymph nodes contain reactivated memory B cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 2655-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Bende ◽  
Febe van Maldegem ◽  
Martijn Triesscheijn ◽  
Thera A.M. Wormhoudt ◽  
Richard Guijt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Clonal Origin ◽  
Successive Recall

To reveal migration trails of antigen-responsive B cells in lymphoid tissue, we analyzed immunoglobulin (Ig)M-VH and IgG-VH transcripts of germinal center (GC) samples microdissected from three reactive human lymph nodes. Single B cell clones were found in multiple GCs, one clone even in as many as 19 GCs. In several GCs, IgM and IgG variants of the same clonal origin were identified. The offspring of individual hypermutated IgG memory clones were traced in multiple GCs, indicating repeated engagement of memory B cells in GC reactions. These findings imply that recurring somatic hypermutation progressively drives the Ig repertoire of memory B cells to higher affinities and infer that transforming genetic hits in non-Ig genes during lymphomagenesis do not have to arise during a single GC passage, but can be collected during successive recall responses.

scholarly journals Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Is a Mucosal Inductive Site for Virus-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 1796-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Zuercher ◽  
Susan E. Coffin ◽  
M. Christine Thurnheer ◽  
Petra Fundova ◽  
John J. Cebra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune
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