Germinal Centers in Immune Responses. Proceedings of a symposium, Bern, Switzerland, June 1966. H. Cottier, N. Odartchenko, R. Schindler, and C. C. Congdon, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967. xvi + 499 pp., illus. $19.50

Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 160 (3832) ◽  
pp. 1100-1100
Author(s):  
M. F. La Via
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Germinal Centers

scholarly journals P362 Longitudinal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients receiving biologics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S380-S381
Author(s):  
S Y Wong ◽  
R Dixon ◽  
S Gold ◽  
M Vicky ◽  
D Helmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hospital Center

Abstract Background Given that IBD patients were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine trials, there is a lack of vaccine efficacy data in this population. In this study, we evaluated longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients. Methods We collected clinical data and sera from IBD patients enrolled in an observational SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance study at our large hospital center in New York City during routine infusions and clinic visits. To distinguish between infection and vaccination, sera was collected prior to vaccination where possible, and all sera was tested for both antibodies to SARS-CoV-2-specific RBD, the target of current available vaccines in the U.S., and nucleocapsid proteins. Results Our results reveal waning antibody titres in 13 of 16 (81%) patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 over a course of 6-7 months. Of 48 vaccinated patients, 16 patients completed vaccine schedules with two doses, and all 16 (100%) achieved seroconversion above the threshold required for convalescent plasma donation. Conclusion While antibody responses to infection in IBD patients have questionable stability, completion of the COVID-19 vaccine series in IBD patients results in robust serological responses. To our knowledge is the first data confirming adequate serological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients with and without biologic medications. Studies are needed to assess adequacy of dosing schedules, medication effects, measurement of cell-mediated responses, durability of immune responses, and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in IBD patients.

scholarly journals Histogenesis of Human Fetal Spleen

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Sonali Thomas ◽  
DN Sinha ◽  
AK Singh ◽  
Deepa Deopa ◽  
Richa Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Lymphoid Follicle ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Lymphatic Organ ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells ◽  
Literature Material

Abstract Background and Aims: Spleen is the largest secondary lymphatic organ. It acts as a graveyard for RBCs, is essential for immune responses, performs lymphopoiesis in adults and haemopoiesis in fetuses. The present study was conducted to assess the histogenesis of spleen in human fetuses in view of existing literature. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 34 formalin preserved human fetuses procured from Dr Sushila Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani with due clearance from ethical committee. The 6 pm sections of the spleen were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and observed under light microscope. Results: At 14 tol5 weeks, spleen had extensive sinusoids filled with RBCs and few lymphocytes. At 16-18 weeks, trabecular arteries were noticed more towards centre along with extensive haemopoietic cells in the venous sinusoids. By 20th week lymphocytic aggregation had started around arterioles. By 24 weeks periarteriolar lymphatic sheath was clearly observed. At term (37-40 weeks), classical primary lymphoid follicle was present but germinal centers were not observed. Conclusion: During earlier differentiation, spleen symbolizes the function of haemopoietic activities and gradually during subsequent gestation; it establishes its identity as a principle lymphoid tissue.

scholarly journals Induction of Potent Th1‐Type Immune Responses from a Novel DNA Vaccine for West Nile Virus New York Isolate (WNV‐NY1999)

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo‐Sung Yang ◽  
J. Joseph Kim ◽  
Daniel Hwang ◽  
Andrew Y. Choo ◽  
Kesen Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
G. J. V. Nossal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Colloidal Carbon ◽  
Antigen Localization ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Great Surface ◽  
Great Surface Area

The localization of antigen in primary follicles and germinal centers of rat popliteal lymph nodes described previously using I125- and I125-labeled antigen has been confirmed by direct staining with fluorescent antibodies. A fine web of phagocytic reticulum in primary follicles was found to be responsible for antigen localization in this area. The nature of this web was confirmed by studies of the localization of colloidal carbon. This unique feature of primary follicles is discussed in relation to its importance in the induction of immune responses, our belief being that the great surface area of antigen retaining cytoplasm in primary follicles is responsible for the appearance of germinal centers in these particular parts of the node.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Adjuvants in the Context of Intramuscular and Intranasal Routes on Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Detergent-Split A/H3N2 Influenza Vaccines in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baz ◽  
Mukesh Samant ◽  
Hakima Zekki ◽  
Pascale Tribout-Jover ◽  
Martin Plante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Responses

ABSTRACTInfluenza A/H3N2 viruses have caused the most severe epidemics since 1968 despite current immunization programs with inactivated vaccines. We undertook a side-by-side preclinical evaluation of different adjuvants (Alum, AS03, and Protollin) and routes of administration (intramuscular [i.m.] and intranasal [i.n.]) for assessing their effect on the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of inactivated split vaccines (A/H3N2/New York/55/2004). Humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses against the homologous virus and a heterologous drifted strain (A/H3N2/Wisconsin/67/2005) were measured in BALB/c mice at 2, 6, and 19 weeks postboost. The AS03- and Alum-adjuvanted i.m. vaccines induced at least an 8-fold increase over the nonadjuvanted vaccine in functional antibody titers against both the homotypic and heterotypic strains and low IgG2a and high IgG1 levels, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 response with a Th2 trend. The Protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine induced the lowest IgG1/IgG2a ratio, which is indicative of a mixed Th1/Th2-type profile with a Th1 trend. This adjuvanted vaccine was the only vaccine to stimulate a mucosal IgA response. Whatever the timing after the boost, both hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) titers were higher with the AS03-adjuvanted i.m. vaccine than with the protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine. Finally, the Alum-adjuvanted i.m. vaccine and the lower-dose Protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine elicited significantly higher CD4+Th1 and Th2 responses and more gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+T cells than the nonadjuvanted vaccine. Our data indicate that the adjuvanted vaccines tested in this study can elicit stronger, more persistent, and broader immune responses against A/H3N2 strains than nonadjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of West Nile Virus Clinical Manifestations, Immune Responses, Neuroinvasion, and Immunotherapeutic Implications

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengwei Bai ◽  
E. Ashley Thompson ◽  
Parminder J. S. Vig ◽  
A. Arturo Leis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne virus in North America. WNV-associated neuroinvasive disease affects all ages, although elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk. WNV neuroinvasive disease has killed over 2300 Americans since WNV entered into the United States in the New York City outbreak of 1999. Despite 20 years of intensive laboratory and clinical research, there are still no approved vaccines or antivirals available for human use. However, rapid progress has been made in both understanding the pathogenesis of WNV and treatment in clinical practices. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNV infection in terms of human clinical manifestations, host immune responses, neuroinvasion, and therapeutic interventions.

Germinal centers in immune responses

1968 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
M. I. Colnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Germinal Centers
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