A study of variations of anterior belly of digastric muscle

Abstract Aim : To study the anatomical variations of anterior belly of digastric muscle. Materials & Methods: In the present study, 30 human cadavers from the Department of Anatomy, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences, Belagavi were examined for the variations of anterior belly of digastric muscle during routine dissections of undergraduate and postgraduate students. The variations found were neatly dissected and photographs taken wherever necessary. Result: Out of 30 cadavers dissected3 specimens presented with variations. Discussion: First variation found had a unilateral accessory belly of digastric muscle on right side. Second variation was unilateral accessory belly of digastric muscle on left side and the third variation was bilateral accessory slips of digastric muscles. The details of these variations will be dealt in the article. Conclusion: As the variations of anterior belly of digastric muscle are common, the radiologists and the surgeons have to watch out for these while dealing with Sub mandibular region.

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Lateral Congenital Anomalies of the Pharyngeal Apparatus: Part III. Cadaveric Representation of the Course of Second and Third Cleft and Pouch Fistulas

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481107700939 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

pp. 1257-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petros Mirilas

Keyword(s):

Hypoglossal Nerve ◽

Thyroid Cartilage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Carotid Bifurcation ◽

Preoperative Imaging ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Anterior Belly

“Stepladder” surgery for fistula from second or third pharyngeal cleft and pouch is “blind.” Neither intraoperative methylene blue injection and probing nor preoperative imaging (fistulo-gram ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) reveal three-dimensional anatomic relations of fistulas. This article describes the most common second and third fistula courses and demonstrates representation of their tracts with wires in human cadavers. A second cleft and pouch fistula, at its external opening, pierces superficial cervical fascia (and platysma), then investing cervical fascia, and travels under the sternocleidomastoid muscle, superficial to the sternohyoid and anterior belly of omohyoid. It ascends along the carotid sheath, and at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage it pierces the pretracheal fascia. Characteristically, it courses between the carotid bifurcation and over the hypoglossal nerve. After passing beneath the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the stylohyoid, it hooks around both glossopharyngeal nerve and stylopharyngeus muscle. The fistula reaches the pharynx below the superior constrictor muscle. The course of a third cleft and pouch fistula is similar until it has pierced pretracheal fascia; then it passes over the hypoglossal nerve and behind the internal carotid, finally descending parallel to the superior laryngeal nerve, reaching the thyrohyoid membrane cranial to the nerve.

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The nerve to the mylohyoid as a donor for facial nerve reanimation procedures: a cadaveric feasibility study

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.677 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 677-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. Shane Tubbs ◽

Marios Loukas ◽

Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽

Leslie Acakpo-Satchivi ◽

John C. Wellons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Skin Incision ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Facial Muscle ◽

Muscle Paralysis ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

The Mean ◽

Anterior Belly ◽

Neurovascular Structures

Object Facial nerve injury with resultant facial muscle paralysis is disfiguring and disabling. Reanimation of the facial nerve has been performed using different regional nerves. The nerve to the mylohyoid has not been previously explored as a donor nerve for facial nerve reanimation procedures. Methods Five fresh adult human cadavers (10 sides) were dissected to identify an additional nerve donor candidate for facial nerve neurotization. Using a curvilinear cervicofacial skin incision, the nerve to the mylohyoid and facial nerve were identified. The nerve to the mylohyoid was transected at its point of entrance into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Measurements were made of the length and diameter of the nerve to the mylohyoid, and this nerve was repositioned superiorly to the various temporofacial and cervicofacial parts of the extracranial branches of the facial nerve. All specimens had a nerve to the mylohyoid. The mean length of this nerve available inferior to the mandible was 5.5 cm and the mean diameter was 1 mm. In all specimens, the nerve to the mylohyoid reached the facial nerve stem and the temporofacial and cervicofacial trunks without tension. No gross evidence of injury to surrounding neurovascular structures was identified. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, the use of the nerve to the mylohyoid for facial nerve reanimation has not been explored previously. Based on the results of this cadaveric study, the use of the nerve to the mylohyoid may be considered for facial nerve reanimation procedures.

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Anatomical Variations of the Anterior Belly of the Digastric Muscle

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022019000401504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 1504-1508

Author(s):

Khayelihle Guambe ◽

Brenda Z De-Gama ◽

Pamela Pillay ◽

Kapil S Satyapal

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variations ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Anterior Belly

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A STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY OF THE BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703579 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 02-05

Author(s):

Ramakrishna Avadhani ◽

K. Kalyan Chakravarthi

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Anterior Compartment ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Neurovascular Structures

AbstractThe anatomical variations and abnormalities of the muscles of the upper limb have become significant because of new imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, a very uncommon anomaly of the biceps is having three or more heads. Knowledge of the existence of the three headed or four headed biceps brachii may become significant in preoperative diagnosis and during surgery of the upper limb. The present study was undertaken to observe the anomalous origin, insertion and the incidence of three or more heads biceps brachii in the adult human cadavers. This study was carried out on 24 human cadavers at Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & research foundation (Dr. PSIMS & R.F) Gannavaram; Krishna Dist; A.P. Variant biceps brachii may cause compression of neurovascular structures because of their close relationship to brachial artery and median nerve. The surgeons and traumatologists have to keep such muscular variations in mind.

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A morphological variant of anterior belly of digastric muscle: a cadaveric case report

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v16i3.32876 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 461-463

Author(s):

B Satheesha Nayak ◽

Srinivasa Rao S ◽

S Sudarshan ◽

AM Prasad ◽

R Deepthinath

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Hyoid Bone ◽

Medical Science ◽

The Body ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Mylohyoid Muscle ◽

Anterior Belly ◽

The Right ◽

Accessory Belly

Occurrence of accessory bellies of anterior belly of digastric muscle (ABD) in the submental region is not uncommon. However reporting of different pattern of accessory bellies is of tremendous clinical significance for head and neck surgeons, radiologists and plastic surgeons. Herein we report a rare asymmetrical variant of ABD in the suprahyoid region. Accessory bellies were observed on either side of midline. On the right side accessory belly had two segments; one segment extended between the lower part of the ABD and hyoid bone, other one extended between the digastric fossa of mandible to the body of hyoid bone. On the left side accessory belly extended between mylohyoid muscle and to the lower part of the ABD.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.461-463

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Anatomical Variations of Lumbar Arteries and Their Clinical Implications: A Cadaveric Study

ISRN Anatomy ◽

10.5402/2013/154625 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aranjan Lionel Karunanayake ◽

Arunasalam Pathmeswaran

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cadaveric Study ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

The Third ◽

Adult Human ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

The Right ◽

Age Range

Lumbar arteries arise from the abdominal aorta. Some abdominal and spinal surgeries can damage these arteries, and that can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed at studying the types and frequencies of variations of lumbar vasculature. We dissected both sides of 109 adult human cadavers and studied the variations of lumbar vasculature. Age range was 43–90 years. Fifty-seven percent were males and 43% were females. The number of lumbar arteries arising from either side of the abdominal aorta varied between 3 and 5 pairs. The lumbar arteries arose from a common single stem in 12% of the cadavers. The third and fourth pairs of lumbar arteries arose from a common single stem in 3% and 11% of cadavers, respectively, and the first and second pairs of lumbar arteries arose from a common single stem in 1% and 2% of cadavers, respectively. The first and second lumbar arteries on the right side traveled anterior to the right crus of the diaphragm in 7% and 8% of cadavers, respectively. There were several variations with regard to the number, origin from the abdominal aorta, and pathway of lumbar arteries from what is described in the literature.

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A cadaveric analysis of anatomical variations of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Folia Morphologica ◽

10.5603/fm.a2020.0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

H. Anderson ◽

R. P. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variations ◽

Digastric Muscle ◽

Anterior Belly ◽

Cadaveric Analysis

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COMPREHENSIVE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN LINGUAL AND FACIAL ARTERIES IN ADULT CADAVERS FOR SURGICAL PRACTICE

10.36106/ijsr/9028507 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 69-70

Author(s):

Ramitha Enakshi Kumar. S ◽

P. Vahini

Keyword(s):

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Surgical Practice ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

The Face ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Hospital Acquired

Objective: The objective of this study is to comprehensively put forth the anatomical variations in the origin and course of lingual and facial arteries found in adult cadavers. Methods: Ten human cadavers were dissected and studied for variations from the norm regarding facial and lingual arteries . Results: 80% of the cadavers displayed classical origin and course of the arteries. There was a deviation from normal regarding origin of the arteries in 20% of the cadavers. Meanwhile, abnormality in the course amounted to 10%. Conclusion: In 20% of cadavers, there were variations in origin of facial and lingual arteries , meanwhile, changes in the course of the stated arteries is 10%. These variations prove to be of signicance to surgeons to prevent mishaps and hospital acquired infections, while performing carotid endarterectomy, intra-arterial catheterizations, plastic surgery of the face and resection of malignant tumours.

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Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 84-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryna Alfaouri-Kornieieva ◽

Azmy M Al-Hadidi

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Artery ◽

Asian Population ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

The Third ◽

Asian Patients ◽

Distal Loop ◽

The Right ◽

Occipital Lobes ◽

The Brain

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms. Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends. Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88

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