Vestibular hyperexcitability - a new nosologic entity ?

Cardiac cephalalgia is a nosologic entity that has only been acknowledged by the turn of the century, and is, consequently, often underdiagnosed, even by experienced neurologists. Unlike most headaches, however, failing to provide a proper and timely diagnosis can have deadly consequences. Report of a case of cardiac headache attended at the emergency department and literature review. This entity was first described in 1997; no studies have yet determined its prevalence, with the literature relying on case reports. The pathophysiology remains a mystery, with three main hypothesis: spinal convergence of cardiac visceral afferent nerves with somatic afferent nerves from the head, increase of intracranial pressure from decrease in cerebral venous return originated from the reduced cardiac output, and release of inflammatory markers during cardiac ischaemia, such as bradykinin, serotonin and histamin, causing vascular changes. Distinguishing this pathology from others, especially migraine, with which it shares many traits, is of paramount importance: vasoconstrictor drugs such as triptans are absolutely contraindicated, and the outcome can be dramatic. This case illustrates the need to promptly recognize this rare entity since failure to diagnose it can have devastating consequences.

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Malignant melanoma of the breast: controversies in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a rare nosologic entity

International Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/ijd.14818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 1057-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aikaterini Mastoraki ◽

Dimitrios Schizas ◽

Ilias Giannakodimos ◽

Athanasios Rebakos ◽

Ioannis Margaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Therapeutic Management ◽

Nosologic Entity

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Ataxic-hypotonic cerebral palsy in a cerebral palsy registry

Neurology Clinical Practice ◽

10.1212/cpj.0000000000000713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Jake P. Levy ◽

Maryam Oskoui ◽

Pamela Ng ◽

John Andersen ◽

David Buckley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Function ◽

Cerebral Malformation ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Function ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nosologic Entity ◽

Gestational Age At Birth ◽

Age At Birth ◽

Worse Prognosis

ObjectiveTo specifically report on ataxic-hypotonic cerebral palsy (CP) using registry data and to directly compare its features with other CP subtypes.MethodsData on prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics and gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]) and comorbidities in 35 children with ataxic-hypotonic CP were extracted from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry and compared with 1,804 patients with other subtypes of CP.ResultsPerinatal adversity was detected significantly more frequently in other subtypes of CP (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–11.7). The gestational age at birth was higher in ataxic-hypotonic CP (median 39.0 weeks vs 37.0 weeks, p = 0.027). Children with ataxic-hypotonic CP displayed more intrauterine growth restriction (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.8) and congenital malformation (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8). MRI was more likely to be either normal (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.5) or to show a cerebral malformation (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.9) in ataxic-hypotonic CP. There was no significant difference in terms of GMFCS or the presence of comorbidities, except for more frequent communication impairment in ataxic-hypotonic CP (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.6).ConclusionsOur results suggest a predominantly genetic or prenatal etiology for ataxic-hypotonic CP and imply that a diagnosis of ataxic-hypotonic CP does not impart a worse prognosis with respect to comorbidities or functional impairment. This study contributes toward a better understanding of ataxic-hypotonic CP as a distinct nosologic entity within the spectrum of CP with its own pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical profile, and prognosis compared with other CP subtypes.

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OP0003 Rheumatic immune related adverse events of checkpoint therapy for cancer: case series of an emerging nosologic entity

10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1628 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

C Calabrese ◽

E Kirchner ◽

A Kontzias ◽

V Velcheti ◽

L Calabrese

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Case Series ◽

Cancer Case ◽

Nosologic Entity

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Muscle dysmorphic disorder - a new nosologic entity arises?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72672-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 967-967

Author(s):

R.M. Freire Lucas

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Treatment Strategy ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Muscle Dysmorphia ◽

Muscular Hypertrophy ◽

Social Leisure ◽

Other Substances ◽

Nosologic Entity

Morbid concern over body image was considered, until recently, a female issue. Nowadays, it has been viewed as a common male disorder. Muscle dysmorphia, a subtype of a body dysmorphic disorder, affects men who, despite having clear muscular hypertrophy, see themselves as frail and small. Besides being associated to major social, leisure and occupational dysfunction, muscle dysmorphia is also a risk factor for the abuse of steroids and other substances. This work describes epidemiological, etiological and clinical characteristics of muscle dysmorphia and comments on its treatment strategy.We searched for scientific articles about this topic on the databases MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO, using the search words “muscle dysmorphic disorder”. We chose to preferentially include original articles and recent reviews.

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is the Brief Psychotic Disorder a Distinct Nosologic Entity?: A Longitudinal Study of 80 Patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71421-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

L. Rodriguez Incio ◽

I. Grande Fullana ◽

V. Sánchez Gistau ◽

M. Bernardo Arroyo ◽

E. Parellada Rodón

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Psychotic Episode ◽

Inpatient Service ◽

Brief Psychotic Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Nosologic Entity

Introduction:The DSM-IV-TR category “brief psychotic disorder” includes different concepts that have been defined before like bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis and “acute and transient psychosis” in the last ICD-10. Limited prospective studies have been done, and they all show a marked diagnostic instability during follow-up. According to that, its independent nosologic entity is still uncertain.Aims:To determine the diagnostic stability of the brief psychotic disorders as well as their distinct clinical features.Method:Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study of 80 consecutive patients admitted at the acute psychiatric inpatient service of a general hospital between 2000 and 2006. at discharge, all of them fulfilled diagnostic criteria for “brief psychotic disorder” according to DSM-IV. Demographic and psychopathological data were analysed.Results:Mean age (SD) was 31.3 (9.5), most of them women (63%). the most frequent previous stressor was related to labour, while up to 45% didn't report any. 51% had no psychiatric family history. 15 (19%) patients previously had a brief psychotic episode. Psychopathological disturbances identified were: thought disorder 69%, anxiety 66.6%, insomnia 57.7%, suspiciousness 53.5%, rapidly changing delusions 53.3% (paranoid contents 75.3%), perplexity 46.5%, auditory hallucinations 45.1%, mood lability 36.6%, elation 23.9%, depressed mood 22.5% and irritability 12.7%. in the 24 month follow-up, 32.5% changed diagnosis to schizophrenia, 3"9% to schizoaffective, 10% to bipolar disorder and 16.9% achieved clinical remission. 28.5% were lost to follow-up.Conclusion:“Brief psychotic disorder” category is still uncertain and more data may be necessary to clarify if it should remain as a distinct nosologic entity.

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