scholarly journals Assessment of Memory among Traumatic Brain Injury Patients during Follow-Up at a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Rural Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Naresh Pal Singh ◽  
Amit Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Memory Status

Abstract Background Head injury is an important public health problem nowadays. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from external force that leads to damage to brain tissue. Main causes of TBI are motor vehicle collisions and fall from height. One of the primary symptoms after TBI is impaired word retrieval. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess memory impairment in TBI patients following treatment to asses a residual memory status to declare them apt for official works if improved enough. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess memory impairment in TBI patients to assess the residual memory status following treatment. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in Outpatient Department (OPD) of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh. The TBI patients were assessed by predesigned memory assessment questionnaire during their follow-up following discharge from hospital. Results A total of 65 patients with TBI were assessed, of which 21 (32.3%) cases had frontal lobe injuries with 9 of 21 having memory loss (42.9% cases). The temporoparietal lobe was affected in 10 (15.4%) cases out of which 5 developed memory loss, that is, 50% cases. The multiple lobes were involved in 24 (36.9%) cases, out of which memory impairment occurred in 9 cases, that is, 37.5%. Four of total five cases (80%) of diffuse axonal injury had memory loss. Further, 16.9% (n = 11) TBI patients were unable to perform digit span test (immediate memory test), 44.6% (n = 29) cases could not perform three-word recall at 5 minutes (short-term memory test), and 15.4% (n = 10) cases could not perform (long-term memory test). Conclusion The study showed that memory assessment is required in TBI patients for instituting proper rehabilitation measures and to allow them for sensitive memory-related work following discharge from hospital.

Follow-Up Study of Memory Deficits after ECT

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Shellenberger ◽  
Marvin J. Miller ◽  
Iver F. Small ◽  
Victor Milstein ◽  
James R. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Wave Group ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Follow Up Study

Twenty-four patients received ECT induced by either alternating sine wave or brief pulsed-square wave stimulus and were evaluated at follow-up for clinical functioning and subjective memory loss. The hypothesis of less memory loss in the group receiving a weaker stimulus (pulsed-square wave) was not supported. The two treatment groups and a group of controls showed no significant differences on the memory test. On measures of clinical functioning the sine wave group scored better on every measure than the square wave group, although not significantly better.

scholarly journals Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Extract on Morphine-Induced Addiction and Memory Impairment in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1076-1084
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Morphine Addiction

Ganoderma lucidum extract (Lingzhi) has been used so far with various pharmacological effects. However, the reports on its effects on drug addiction, especially morphine, and morphine-induced memory impairment in vivo, remain limited. In the present study, the effect of G. lucidum extracts on preventing morphine addiction was evaluated by the conditioned place preference model. The extract's learning and memory improvement activities on morphine-induced memory loss were examined using Y maze, novel recognition, and Morris water maze tests. The results found that G. lucidum extracts at doses of 200-400 mg/kg decreased conditioned place preference score and increased the percentage of alteration, novel object exploration, and prolongation of locating hidden platform. With these doses, G. lucidum extracts prevented morphine addiction and improved short-term memory, visual memory, and long-term memory impairment caused by morphine. Our results first demonstrated that G. lucidum extracts promised as an effective natural source in treating drug addiction and morphine-induced memory loss.

scholarly journals Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jorge Guevara ◽  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Minerva Calvillo-Velasco ◽  
Daniela Silva-Adaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Discharge Patterns

Neonicotinoids are pesticides that act as agonists of nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in insects’ central nervous system (CNS). Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids in humans is related to autism, memory loss, and finger tremor. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administration of two neonicotinoids in the same mixture: clothianidin and thiacloprid. Decreasing doses of both pesticides were administered to rats starting from the lethal dose 50 (LD50) reported by the manufacturer. Our results indicate that the administration of three doses of decreasing amounts of LD50 (5/10, 4/10, and 3/10 LD50) resulted in 100% death in all cases. Ten administration times of 2/10 LD50 of the mixture caused only 20% of death cases after twenty-seven days, which was determined as a subchronic administration scheme. The animals administered 2/10 LD50 showed behavioral alterations after the first and second administration. Electrographic studies showed abnormal discharge patterns in the CNS. 72 h after the tenth dose, learning and memory tests were performed in the Morris water maze. Our results revealed significant decreases in permanence at the quadrant and the number of crosses ( P = 0.0447 ,   P = 0.0193 , respectively), which represent alterations in the short-term memory test, but there were no significant changes in a long-term memory test. Likewise, the brains of these animals showed tissue architecture loss, nucleosomal retraction, and a significant increase in the pycnosis of the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus analyzed at 72 h after the last dose ( P = 0.0125 ). Toxic effects and cognitive deterioration that have been found in communities living near contaminated areas are probably related to the agricultural use of neonicotinoids.

Assessment of Memory Impairment in Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-985
Author(s):  
Martin Vyhnálek ◽  
Hana Marková ◽  
Jan Laczó ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Santo Di Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Memory Binding

Memory impairment has been considered as one of the earliest clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. This paper summarizes recent progress in the assessment of memory impairment in predementia stages. New promising approaches of memory assessment include evaluation of longitudinal cognitive changes, assessment of long-term memory loss, evaluation of subjective cognitive concerns and testing of other memory modalities, such as spatial memory. In addition, we describe new challenging memory tests based on memory binding paradigms that have been recently developed and are currently being validated.

Utility of the four-word Short-Term Memory Test as a measure of memory impairment.

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen ◽  
Arthur M. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Aide memoire: What should a memory clinic or a memory assessment service look like?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O’Carroll ◽  
K. Glynn ◽  
D. Lyons ◽  
K. Looney
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
Global Ageing

With the global ageing of our societies and the predicted increase of cognitive impairment and dementia, there is increasing interest in the role and scope of memory clinics or memory assessment services in the early assessment, diagnosis and management of all subtypes of dementia. Memory clinics generally attempt to provide a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of memory impairment and dementia. However, little consensus exists about the profile or complement of staff that would constitute an ideal memory clinic, and services vary widely in terms of their organisation, remit and functioning. The purpose of this article is to highlight the variation amongst the existing complement of memory clinics in Ireland. The 17 models are compared in terms of their core multidisciplinary service and services available on referral. The Irish National Dementia Strategy recommends a well-coordinated service that provides early diagnosis and treatment, and one with good links to local support agencies. However, many of the services in Ireland lack input from relevant allied health professionals. This article also focusses on one privately funded memory clinic in Ireland which aims to bridge the gap between accurate diagnosis, holistic assessment and follow-up through comprehensive multidisciplinary input. The challenges facing this service are discussed, with particular reference to the difficulties encountered when providing community follow-up by a private sector clinic.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SMRUTIRHASA (MEMORY LOSS) IN OLD AGED INDIVIDUALS AND EFFECT OF BRAMHI SIDDHA GHRITA ON SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4078-4083
Author(s):  
Bhargav G. Tappe ◽  
Sampada S Sant ◽  
Abhijeet Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Status

Memory disorders are increasing at fast rate in modern society. Neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease also affect memory. Due to ageing process a greater number of old aged indi-viduals are facing problem of memory loss i.e. Smrutirhasa (Memory Loss) which leads to their behavior-al change and cognitive impairment ultimately leads to land them in senile dementia. In first part of study 100 old aged individuals were randomly selected for evaluation of Smrutirhasa in second part of study, effect of Bramhi Siddha Ghrita was observed for period of 2 months after obtaining Short term memory status of individuals having Smrutirahsa. According to statistical analysis 66% of individuals above 60 years were having Smrutirhasa and treatment by Bramhi Siddha Ghrita shows significant result over short term memory loss in them.

The Link Between Verbal Short-Term Memory and Anomia Treatment Gains

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1052
Author(s):  
Reva M. Zimmerman ◽  
JoAnn P. Silkes ◽  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Irene Minkina
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose A significant relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and language performance in people with aphasia has been found across studies. However, very few studies have examined the predictive value of verbal STM in treatment outcomes. This study aims to determine if verbal STM can be used as a predictor of treatment success. Method Retrospective data from 25 people with aphasia in a larger randomized controlled trial of phonomotor treatment were analyzed. Digit and word spans from immediately pretreatment were run in multiple linear regression models to determine whether they predict magnitude of change from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up naming accuracy. Pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment digit and word span scores were compared to determine if they changed following a novel treatment approach. Results Verbal STM, as measured by digit and word spans, did not predict magnitude of change in naming accuracy from pre- to posttreatment nor from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Furthermore, digit and word spans did not change from pre- to posttreatment or from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment in the overall analysis. A post hoc analysis revealed that only the less impaired group showed significant changes in word span scores from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Discussion The results suggest that digit and word spans do not predict treatment gains. In a less severe subsample of participants, digit and word span scores can change following phonomotor treatment; however, the overall results suggest that span scores may not change significantly. The implications of these findings are discussed within the broader purview of theoretical and empirical associations between aphasic language and verbal STM processing.

Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merten ◽  
Matthias Henry ◽  
Robin Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

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