Differences in Self-Rated Memory by Race/Ethnicity

Self-rated memory is an important dimension of well-being among older adults that has also been linked to cognitive impairment over the long term. However, few studies based on nationally-representative samples have examined differences in self-rated memory by race/ethnicity. This study explores differences in self-rated memory across non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2011 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The sample consisted of older adults aged 65 and older (N=4,753 non-Hispanic Whites, N=1,442 non-Hispanic Blacks, and N=388 Hispanics). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between having poor/fair self-rated memory and race/ethnicity, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, income, and marital status), chronic conditions (heart attack, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and depressive symptoms), objective memory status, functional limitations (activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), and other social and cultural factors (economic vulnerability, religious practice, and limited English proficiency). I find that non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics have significantly higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory than non-Hispanic Whites. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks and Hispanics had 33% and 56% higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory, respectively, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, objective memory status, functional limitations, and social and cultural factors. These results provide evidence that understanding differences in self-rated memory across racial/ethnic groups may have important implications for health professionals, particularly in relation to conducting and interpreting cognitive screening assessments.

Assessment of Memory among Traumatic Brain Injury Patients during Follow-Up at a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Rural Setting

Background Head injury is an important public health problem nowadays. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from external force that leads to damage to brain tissue. Main causes of TBI are motor vehicle collisions and fall from height. One of the primary symptoms after TBI is impaired word retrieval. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess memory impairment in TBI patients following treatment to asses a residual memory status to declare them apt for official works if improved enough. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess memory impairment in TBI patients to assess the residual memory status following treatment. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in Outpatient Department (OPD) of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh. The TBI patients were assessed by predesigned memory assessment questionnaire during their follow-up following discharge from hospital. Results A total of 65 patients with TBI were assessed, of which 21 (32.3%) cases had frontal lobe injuries with 9 of 21 having memory loss (42.9% cases). The temporoparietal lobe was affected in 10 (15.4%) cases out of which 5 developed memory loss, that is, 50% cases. The multiple lobes were involved in 24 (36.9%) cases, out of which memory impairment occurred in 9 cases, that is, 37.5%. Four of total five cases (80%) of diffuse axonal injury had memory loss. Further, 16.9% (n = 11) TBI patients were unable to perform digit span test (immediate memory test), 44.6% (n = 29) cases could not perform three-word recall at 5 minutes (short-term memory test), and 15.4% (n = 10) cases could not perform (long-term memory test). Conclusion The study showed that memory assessment is required in TBI patients for instituting proper rehabilitation measures and to allow them for sensitive memory-related work following discharge from hospital.

MEMORY STATUS AMONG CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY

Objective: To study the status of visual and verbal memory status among children with epilepsy and effects on schooling. Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled children aged 5 to 15 years who have been diagnosed to have epilepsy and has been seizure free during last one month. Enrolled children (81) were evaluated by using two sub tests selected from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences(NIMHANS) Neuropsychological Battery for Children, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test and Memory for Designs test, for verbal and visual memory status respectively and the child was graded on the basis of the standard scores. Schooling details were obtained by questioners to care taker. Results: Memory impairment (MI) was identied in 50 (61.7%) Children with Epilepsy (CWE) (predominantly verbal memory impairment). 20 (25%) CWE were not attending age appropriate class. Among these 20 CWE, 17(85%) children had memory impairment. p: 0.01. There were 25 CWE performing poorly, among them 22(88%) children had memory impairment. p <0.0024. A total of 8 children were school dropouts and all 8 had MI (100%).Conclusions:MI was found to be very common in CWE. MI among CWE was found to negatively inuence age appropriate schooling and school performance. Early screening and appropriate support may improve the outcome.

Distorted Memories and Related Factors in ICU Patients

This study aimed to examine the relationship between memory status of and factors related to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) using a cross-sectional study design. Participants were adult patients who were admitted to the general ICUs for more than 48 hours. One week after ICU discharge, a survey on memory distortion was conducted. Overall, 133 patients were included, of whom 51.1% reported distorted memories. Among them, 15.0% had memory loss; 48.1% had unrealistic experiences; 27.8% recalled confusion, panic, anxiety, and discomfort during their ICU stay; and 9% had traumatic experiences. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that memory loss was associated with an operation, and a significant association was observed between traumatic memory and pain. Opioid use may have a protective effect against memory loss. These results suggest the importance of relieving pain and preserving true memories during ICU treatment.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Young and Adult Rats: An Assessment of Memory and Anxiety

: As an important issue, sleep deprivation influences the cognition and mood of society. It both causes different effects on various individuals and age groups. However, the effects on various age groups are not well studied. The present study, which used a rat model of sleep deprivation, investigated the learning and memory status of sleep-deprived (SD) rats. Two groups of young and adult rats underwent 96 h of REM sleep deprivation by the inverted flowerpot method. Control groups were in the same condition but were could sleep normally. In behavioral groups, anxiety was assessed by an elevated plus-maze. Six weeks later, spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze, and fear memory was assessed by passive avoidance learning. Based on the findings, SD increases anxiety in young rats. Regarding the spatial memory, young SD rats showed impairment in retrieval, but adult SD rats failed to learn the task as effectively as the controls. Memory retrieval in the passive avoidance task was impaired only in the adult SD rats. A different stage of memory affected by sleep deprivation in young and adult rats reflected varying mechanisms in these two age groups.

Evaluation of Short Term and Working Memory Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes is a disease which is lifelong and which restricts the body from the usage of insulin. Although many problems are associated with diabetes , cognitive function and intellectual capacity are also affected. The study involves participants who were diagnosed with Diabetes type 2 for a period of 5 years before the study. The subject design is an observational study that uses a questionnaire that assesses immediate recall, repetition, and a memory function questionnaire was used to study the memory-related changes in type 2 diabetic . SPSS VERSION 22 was the statistical software equipped in the study, and the statistical test used was a chi-square test. Results revealed that about 50.5% of the population always forget what people say to them, 37.6% of the population sometimes forget what people say to them and 11.9% of the population never forget what people say to them. Speed information processing, working memory and some attention impairment occur during acute hyperglycemia. Subjects also reported reduced energetic arousal and increased anxiety after . Relatively low cognitive function and decreased neuronal activity were relevant to Alzheimer's disease. The study concluded that people with type 2 diabetes are overwhelmingly affected by cognitive and higher intellectual function with decreased short term and working memory status.

EVALUATION OF SMRUTIRHASA (MEMORY LOSS) IN OLD AGED INDIVIDUALS AND EFFECT OF BRAMHI SIDDHA GHRITA ON SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS

Memory disorders are increasing at fast rate in modern society. Neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease also affect memory. Due to ageing process a greater number of old aged indi-viduals are facing problem of memory loss i.e. Smrutirhasa (Memory Loss) which leads to their behavior-al change and cognitive impairment ultimately leads to land them in senile dementia. In first part of study 100 old aged individuals were randomly selected for evaluation of Smrutirhasa in second part of study, effect of Bramhi Siddha Ghrita was observed for period of 2 months after obtaining Short term memory status of individuals having Smrutirahsa. According to statistical analysis 66% of individuals above 60 years were having Smrutirhasa and treatment by Bramhi Siddha Ghrita shows significant result over short term memory loss in them.