scholarly journals Hydrocephalus Revisited: New Insights into Dynamics of Neurofluids on Macro- and Microscales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Ludwig ◽  
Hans C. Bock ◽  
Jutta Gärtner ◽  
Stina Schiller ◽  
Jens Frahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation ◽  
Brain Water

AbstractNew experimental and clinical findings question the historic view of hydrocephalus and its 100-year-old classification. In particular, real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and detailed insights into brain water regulation on the molecular scale indicate the existence of at least three main mechanisms that determine the dynamics of neurofluids: (1) inspiration is a major driving force; (2) adequate filling of brain ventricles by balanced CSF upsurge is sensed by cilia; and (3) the perivascular glial network connects the ependymal surface to the pericapillary Virchow–Robin spaces. Hitherto, these aspects have not been considered a common physiologic framework, improving knowledge and therapy for severe disorders of normal-pressure and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and spaceflight disease.

scholarly journals Hydrocephalus Revisited: New Insights Into Dynamics of Neurofluids on Macroand Microscales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ludwig ◽  
Christoph Bock ◽  
Jutta Gärtner ◽  
Stina Schiller ◽  
Jens Frahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Brain Ventricles ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Mri Evaluation ◽  
Brain Water

New experimental and clinical findings question the historic view of hydrocephalus and its 100-year-old classification. In particular, real-time MRI evaluation of CSF flow and detailed insights into brain water regulation on the molecular scale indicate the existence of at least three main mechanisms that determine the dynamics of neurofluids. (i) Inspiration is a major driving force (ii) Adequate filling of brain ventricles by balanced cerebrospinal fluid upsurge is sensed by cilia (iii) The perivascular glial network connects the ependymal surface to the pericapillary Virchow-Robin spaces. Hitherto, these aspects have not been considered a common physiologic framework improving knowledge and therapy for severe disorders of normal-pressure and post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, spontaneous intracranial hypotension and spaceflight disease.

scholarly journals Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís de Maria Frota Vasconcelos ◽  
Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega ◽  
Glauber de Menezes Ferreira ◽  
Moysés Loiola Ponte de Souza ◽  
Alander Sobreira Vanderlei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Tap Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract COVID-19 is a pandemic disease responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide. Many neurological manifestations have been described. We report a case of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) two months after acute COVID19 infection, in a patient without other risk factors. A 45-year-old male patient presented an 8-month history of progressive gait disorder and cognitive impairment after being hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compatible with NPH. A spinal tap test was positive and there was progressive improvement after shunting, with complete resolution of symptoms. Other infections such Syphilis, cryptococcosis and Lyme disease have been associated with NPH. Possible mechanisms for NPH after COVID include disruption of choroid plexus cells by direct viral invasion or as a result of neuroinflammation and cytokine release and hypercoagulability leading to venous congestion and abnormalities of CSF flow. Given the significance of NPH as a cause of reversible dementia, it is important to consider the possibility of a causal association with COVID19 and understand the mechanisms behind this association.

scholarly journals Rapidly Progressive Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Abscess

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Aycan ◽  
Ozgür Yusuf Aktas ◽  
Feyza Karagoz Guzey ◽  
Azmi Tufan ◽  
Cihan Isler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Paraspinal Abscess ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare disease which is often rapidly progressive. Delayed diagnosis of SEA may lead to serious complications and the clinical findings of SEA are generally nonspecific. Paraspinal abscess should be considered in the presence of local low back tenderness, redness, and pain with fever, particularly in children. In case of delayed diagnosis and treatment, SEA may spread to the epidural space and may cause neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the method of choice in the diagnosis of SEA. Treatment of SEA often consists of both medical and surgical therapy including drainage with percutaneous entry, corpectomy, and instrumentation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Disruption of the Posterior Tibial Tendon

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Alexander ◽  
Kenneth A. Johnson ◽  
Thomas H. Berquist
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a useful technique of studying soft tissues of the body, can be very effective in assessing the integrity of tendons. Usually a patient with a complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon has characteristic physical findings. In the patient presented, MRI demonstrated a complete disruption of the posterior tibial tendon, despite the absence of the commonly associated clinical findings. In view of the difficulties encountered with attempted tenography of the completely torn posterior tibial tendon, MRI provides a sensitive alternative diagnostic technique.

scholarly journals Preoperative measurements on MRI in Chiari 1 patients fail to predict outcome after decompressive surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miro-Pekka Jussila ◽  
Juho Nissilä ◽  
Minna Vakkuri ◽  
Päivi Olsén ◽  
Jaakko Niinimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Surgical Decision Making ◽  
Mri Evaluation ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery

Abstract Background The purpose of our study was to research the parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would predict the outcome of surgery in patients with Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) and to evaluate changes in MRI parameters after surgery. Methods Fifty-one patients (19 children, 13 adolescents, and 19 adults) operated on due to CM1 in Oulu University Hospital between 2004 and 2018 were evaluated. Seventeen parameters were measured from the preoperative MRI and 11 from the postoperative MRI. The correlations between the MRI parameters and the clinical variables before and after surgery were analyzed. Results The majority (88.2%) of the patients had favorable surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, subjective symptoms improved in 88.6% of the patients and syringomyelia in 81.8%. The location of the cerebellar tonsils, when measured in relation to the C2 synchondrosis or the end plate, postoperatively moved cranially in 51.0% (n = 26), did not change in 27.4% (n = 14), and moved caudally in 21.6% (n = 11) of the patients. However, neither the location of the tonsils nor any other parameters measured from pre- or postoperative MRI correlated with the patients’ symptoms or surgical outcomes. Conclusions No specific parameters on preoperative MRI evaluation were predictive of the outcome of surgery, emphasizing clinical examination in surgical decision-making. Furthermore, the postoperative MRI parameters did not correlate with the surgical outcomes. Thus, routine postoperative imaging is suggested only for patients with preoperatively diagnosed syringomyelia or worsening of symptoms.

scholarly journals Occlusal stabilization appliance: evaluation of its efficacy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Emi Tanaka ◽  
Emiko Saito Arita ◽  
Bunji Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Occlusal stabilization appliances or splints are the most widely employed method for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most indicated imaging modality to evaluate the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Forty patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were treated with splints for a mean period of 12 months, comprising regular semimonthly follow-ups. After stabilization of the clinical status, occlusal adjustments and MRI evaluation were performed. It was concluded that the success of this kind of treatment are related to the total (70%) or partial improvement (22.5%) of painful symptomatology and to the functional reestablishment of the craniomandibular complex. The MRI allowed evaluation and also the conclusion that the splints provide conditions for the organism to develop means to resist to the temporomandibular disorders by means of elimination of several etiologic factors. Moreover, after treatment the patients are able to cope with disc displacements with larger or smaller tolerance.

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