Body-Mass-Modified Running Economy and Step Length in Elite Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

The purpose of this study was to compare running economy (by oxygen consumption) in long distance runners on three different surfaces (asphalt, cinder and tartan). Thirty Czech long distance runners (age: 25.1±4.3 years, height: 183.2±7.4 cm, body mass: 72.4±6.0 kg, BMI: 22.5±1.4 and VO2 max: 65.8±5.2 ml∙min∙kg-1) participated in this study. We measured oxygen uptake by wireless, portable cardiopulmonary stress testing system (Oxygen Mobile, Viasys) on each surface during running at speeds: 10, 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of oxygen uptake were assessed statistically using parametric ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test. We found significant differences between asphalt and cinder for 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of average values of oxygen uptake on tartan at 10 km∙h-1:35.2±2.8 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 41.0±3.4 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 47.8±4.2 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 54.2±4.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; on cinder at 10 km∙h-1: 36.2±3.6 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 42.5±3.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 49.5±5.4 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 56.1±6.8 ml∙min∙kg-1 and on asphalt at 10 km∙h-1: 35.0±3.7 ml∙min∙- kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 39.8±4.0 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 46.3±5.1 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1 : 53.5±4.8 ml∙min∙kg-1. The lowest values of oxygen uptake were found on asphalt surface. The asphalt is probably the most favorable surface according to energetic aspect.

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Internal mechanical work and maximum subtalar joint pronation in different gradients

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

Author(s):

Karina Azevedo Lopes ◽

Mayara Maciel Batista ◽

Letícia Martins ◽

André Luiz Kiihn ◽

Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Running Economy ◽

Mechanical Work ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Running Speed ◽

The Social ◽

Complex Relationships ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction: Some authors have described the importance of physiological intensity in the behavior of the biomechanical aspects of running (for example, subtalar pronation), but the complex relationships between these variables are not yet well understood. Objective: This study investigated the influence of positive gradients on internal mechanical work (Wint) and maximum subtalar pronation at a submaximal running speed. Method: Sixteen male, trained long-distance runners (age: 29 ± 7 yr; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.6 kg), performed four running economy tests (gradients: +1%, +5%, +10% and +15%, respectively) for four minutes at a same submaximal running speed to quantify the maximum values of subtalar pronation and predict the Wint values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s T-test, and one-way repeated-measures (ANOVA) along with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Wint increased according to the gradient (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the maximum values of maximum subtalar pronation corresponding to each gradient. Conclusion: Results show the maximum subtalar pronation during submaximal running depends on the speed rather than intensity of effort.

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Lower-Leg Compression, Running Mechanics, and Economy in Trained Distance Runners

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 76-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Abigail S.L. Stickford ◽

Robert F. Chapman ◽

Jeanne D. Johnston ◽

Joel M. Stager

Keyword(s):

Step Length ◽

Lower Leg ◽

Running Economy ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Individual Response ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Step Frequency ◽

Time Step ◽

The Individual ◽

Running Mechanics

The efficacy of and mechanisms behind the widespread use of lower-leg compression as an ergogenic aid to improve running performance are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether wearing graduated lower-leg compression sleeves during exercise evokes changes in running economy (RE), perhaps due to altered gait mechanics. Sixteen highly trained male distance runners completed 2 separate RE tests during a single laboratory session, including a randomized-treatment trial of graduated calf-compression sleeves (CS; 15–20 mm Hg) and a control trial (CON) without compression sleeves. RE was determined by measuring oxygen consumption at 3 constant submaximal speeds of 233, 268, and 300 m/min on a treadmill. Running mechanics were measured during the last 30 s of each 4-min stage of the RE test via wireless triaxial 10-g accelerometer devices attached to the top of each shoe. Ground-contact time, swing time, step frequency, and step length were determined from accelerometric output corresponding to foot-strike and toe-off events. Gait variability was calculated as the standard deviation of a given gait variable for an individual during the last 30 s of each stage. There were no differences in VO2 or kinematic variables between CON and CS trials at any of the speeds. Wearing lower-leg compression does not alter the energetics of running at submaximal speeds through changes in running mechanics or other means. However, it appears that the individual response to wearing lower-leg compression varies greatly and warrants further examination.

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BIOFEEDBACK AND RELAXATION TECHNIQUES IMPROVE RUNNING ECONOMY IN SUB-ELITE LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199805001-00186 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Gordon Sleivert ◽

Sarah Caird ◽

Alex McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Running Economy ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance

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Biofeedback and relaxation techniques improve running economy in sub-elite long distance runners

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199905000-00015 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 717-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

SARAH JANE CAIRD ◽

ALEXANDER DUNCAN McKENZIE ◽

GORDON GRANT SLEIVERT

Keyword(s):

Running Economy ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance

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Sprinting Ability as an Important Indicator of Performance in Elite Long-Distance Runners

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

Ryo Yamanaka ◽

Hayato Ohnuma ◽

Ryosuke Ando ◽

Fumiya Tanji ◽

Toshiyuki Ohya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Running Economy ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Final Phase ◽

Improve Performance ◽

Long Distance ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Sprint Time

Purpose: Increases in maximal oxygen uptake () and running economy improve performance in long-distance runners. Nevertheless, long-distance runners require sprinting ability to win, especially in the final phase of competitions. The authors determined the relationships between performance and sprinting ability, as well as other abilities in elite long-distance runners. Methods: The subjects were 12 elite long-distance runners. Mean official seasonal best times in 5000-m (5000 m-SB) and 10,000-m (10,000 m-SB) races within 1 year before or after the examination were 13:58.5 (0:18.7) and 28:37.9 (0:25.2) (mean [SD]), respectively. The authors measured 100-m and 400-m sprint times as the index of sprinting ability. They also measured and running economy ( at 300 m·min−1 of running velocity). They used a single correlation analysis to assess relationships between 5000 m-SB or 10,000 m-SB and other elements. Results: There were significant correlations between 5000 m-SB was significantly correlated with 100-m sprint time (13.3 [0.7] s; r = .68, P = .014), 400-m sprint time (56.6 [2.7] s; r = .69, P = .013), and running economy (55.5 [3.9] mL·kg−1·min−1; r = .59, P = .045). There were significant correlations between 10,000 m-SB and 100-m sprint time (r = .72, P = .009) and 400-m sprint time (r = .85, P < .001). However, there was no significant correlation between 5000 m-SB or 10,000 m-SB and (72.0 [3.8] mL·kg−1·min−1). Conclusions: The authors' data suggest that sprinting ability is an important indicator of performance in elite long-distance runners.

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