Indigenous Peoples, Displacement Through ‘Development’ and Rights Violations: the Case of the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia

2008 ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Carol Yong Ooi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Orang Asli

scholarly journals Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples in Greenland: A Comparison with The Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hashimah Abdul Halim ◽  
Rohaida Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Economical Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

For many years, the indigenous peoples had been experiencing various acts of marginalisation and discrimination. However, to this day, the definitions and rights of the indigenous peoples in certain jurisdictions are still left ambiguous. These rights includes the right to self-determination which, on the surface, is linked to freedom to choose political status and cultural or economical development and can be considered as one of the vital rights for indigenous peoples as it allows the community to decide on various aspects of their lives. Looking beyond that, this concept can be further classified into external and internal self-determination and each country may adopt a different approach to this right. As Greenland has a relatively higher population of indigenous peoples, the laws and regulations on indigenous peoples can be distinct. Therefore, this study examines the availability of self-determination policies and possible issues on it’s implementation in Greenland in comparison to the rights of the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. By using critical legal analysis, this study provides an insight to the exercise of self-determination rights of the indigenous peoples in other jurisdiction and the relevancy of the same right in Malaysia which can help to identify certain aspects to be improved on in the existing national indigenous peoples’ rights laws.

scholarly journals The upper respiratory tract microbiome of indigenous Orang Asli in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cleary ◽  
D. E. Morris ◽  
R. A. Anderson ◽  
J. Jones ◽  
A. G. Alattraqchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
The North ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
North Eastern

BackgroundMicrobiome research has focused on populations that are predominantly of European descent, and from narrow demographics that do not capture the socio-economic and lifestyle differences which impact human health. This limits our understanding of human-host microbiota interactions in their broadest sense. Here we examined the airway microbiology of the Orang Asli, the indigenous peoples of Malaysia. In addition to exploring the carriage and antimicrobial resistance of important respiratory pathobionts, we also present the first investigation of the nasal microbiomes of these indigenous peoples, in addition to their oral microbiomes.ResultsA total of 130 participants were recruited to the study from Kampung Sungai Pergam and Kampung Berua, both sites in the north-eastern state of Terengganu in Peninsular Malaysia. High levels of Staphylococcus aureus carriage were observed, particularly in the 18-65 age group (n=17/36; 47.2% 95%CI: 30.9-63.5). The highest carriage of pneumococci was in the <5 and 5 to 17 year olds, with 57.1% (4/7) and 49.2% (30/61) respectively. Sixteen pneumococcal serotypes were identified, the most common being the non-vaccine type 23A (14.6%) and the vaccine type 6B (9.8%). The nasal microbiome was significantly more diverse in those aged 5-17 years compared to 50+ years (p = 0.023). In addition, samples clustered by age (PERMANOVA analysis of the Bray-Curtis distance, p = 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity scores revealed six microbiome types. The largest cluster (n=28; 35.4%) had a marked abundance of Corynebacterium.Others comprised Corynebacterium with Dolosigranulum, two clusters were definable by the presence of Moraxella, one with and the other without Haemophilus, a small grouping of Delftia/ Ochrobactum profiles and one with Streptococcus. No Staphylococcus profiles were observed. In the oral microbiomes Streptococcus, Neisseria and Haemophilus were dominant. Lower levels of Prevotella, Rothia, Porphyromonas, Veillonella and Aggregatibacter were also among the eight most observed genera.ConclusionsWe present the first study of Orang Asli airway microbiomes and pathobiont microbiology. Key findings include the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes that would be covered by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines if introduced into a Malaysian national immunisation schedule, and the high level of S. aureus carriage. The dominance of Corynebacterium in the airway microbiomes is particularly intriguing given its’ consideration as a potentially protective commensal with respect to acute infection and respiratory health.

scholarly journals Double-burden of malnutrition among the indigenous peoples (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Wong ◽  
M. S. Zalilah ◽  
E. Y. Chua ◽  
S. Norhasmah ◽  
Y. S. Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Indigeneity and Indigenous Rights: The ‘Orang Asli’ Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogeswaran Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
United Nations Declaration ◽  
The Impact

<em>Orang Asli, the Indigenous minority of Peninsular Malaysia, continue to face formidable challenges in realizing their rights as distinct Indigenous peoples despite being ascribed a measure of constitutional and statutory protection. With reference the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People and various international definitions of ‘Indigenous peoples’, this paper examines the impact of the term ‘Orang Asli’ on the Orang Asli struggle for the recognition of their rights as Indigenous Peoples. The term ‘Orang Asli’, an officially-constructed term to describe heterogeneous groups of people considered to be ‘aboriginal’, has since gained acceptance by the people categorized as such and has been used to advocate their rights as Indigenous peoples with relative success. However, the term carries legal implications which continue to place Orang Asli ethnicity and identity under the protection and equally, the control of the state. The extensive legal powers possessed by the state are arguably inconsistent of international norms on Indigenos rights and can additionally function as a tool to deny Orang Asli their attendant rights as Indigenous peoples. More importantly, the continued existence of these powers potentially functions to reinforce existing domestic challenges that Orang Asli face in finding their rightful place as distinct Indigenous peoples in the light of: (1) competing notions of Indigeneity vis-à-vis ethnic Malays; (2) historical discrimination against Orang Asli that continues to persist; and (3) Indigenous rights being construed as a possible hindrance to national economic prosperity. A possible starting point for the reconciliation of these matters may be to legally clarify the term ‘Orang Asli’ in a manner that sustains and respects the Orang Asli community as distinct Indigenous peoples while not threatening the existing special constitutional position afforded to ethnic Malays.</em>

scholarly journals THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLES ACT 1954 AND THE RECOGNITION OF ORANG ASLI LAND RIGHTS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izawati Wook
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
At Will

The prevailing view about the Orang Asli’s occupation of land and access to forest resources are that they are ‘privileges’ extended by the states or at the governments’ discretion. It is widely believed that the Orang Asli live on the State land as tenant-at-will. This paper proposes to examine the position of the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 (Act 153) (the APA) and trace its historical background. It takes both historical and doctrinal approaches in the legal research methodology. Situated within this historical background, the principle that developed from it and the position of the laws, the paper argues that under the principle of respect to the rights of the existing inhabitants, the law recognizes the rights of the Orang Asli to their land and resources that arose from their custom and practice. The APA establishes a framework to recognize and protect these rights. There is no legal basis for the perception that the Orang Asli live on the State land on the benevolence of the State. Keywords: Legal history; Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954; Indigenous peoples; Orang Asli; Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals HAK BERPOLITIK ORANG ASAL DI MALAYSIA: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG ANTARABANGSA DAN AMALAN TERBAIK (POLITICAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH INTERNATIONAL LAWS AND BEST PRACTICES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 143-169
Author(s):  
Rohaida Nordin ◽  
Muhamad Sayuti Hassan@Yahya ◽  
Tun Faez Fikhrie Tun Asrul Saini ◽  
Nurul Elliyana Abdul Jamal ◽  
Siti Zulaikha Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sabah And Sarawak

Hak berpolitik merupakan salah satu hak asasi manusia yang diberikan kepada semua tanpa mengira kaum, umur, jantina, warna kulit ataupun agama. Orang Asal juga tidak terkecuali dari menerima hak ini. Orang Asal di Malaysia terbahagi kepada dua kategori iaitu Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Natif di Sabah dan Sarawak. Persoalannya, sejauhmanakah hak berpolitik ini dinikmati oleh Orang Asal di Malaysia terutamanya dari sudut representasi, mengundi dan pentadbiran? Adakah hak yang diberikan kepada Orang Asal di Malaysia selari dengan peruntukkan undang-undang antarabangsa yang sedia ada? Dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian doktrinal dan perbandingan diantara Malaysia dengan Finland dan Norway, kajian ini mendapati bahawa penyertaan politik Orang Asli adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan penyertaan politik dikalangan Natif di Sabah dan Sarawak. Secara keseluruhannya, hak berpolitik Orang Asal di Malaysia adalah tidak selari dengan hak berpolitik sepertimana yang diiktiraf oleh undang-undang antarabangsa, mahupun sepertimana di Finland dan Norway. Dapatan kajian ini amat signifikan kerana memberi panduan kepada pembuat dasar dan undang-undang Malaysia dalam mengenalpasti sebarang perubahan yang perlu dilaksanakan bagi menjamin hak berpolitik Orang Asal di Malaysia. ABSTRACT Political rights are one of the basic human rights granted to all regardless of race, age, gender, skin color or religion. Indigenous Peoples are also entitled for this right. Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia are divided into two categories namely Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia and Natives in Sabah and Sarawak. The question is, how much is this political right enjoyed by Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia especially in terms of representation, voting and administration? Is the right granted to Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia is compatible to the existing provisions of international law? Using doctrinal and comparative research methods between Malaysia and Finland and Norway, this study found that Orang Asli’s political participation was lower compared to political participation among the Natives in Sabah and Sarawak. As a whole, the political rights of Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia are incompatible with the political rights as recognized by international law, as well as in Finland and Norway. The findings of this study are significant as a guide for Malaysian policy and law makers in identifying any changes that need to be made to safeguard Indigenous Peoples’ political rights in Malaysia. Keywords: Political rights, Indigenous Peoples, Orang Asli, UNDRIP, Malaysia

Isolasi Sosio-Budaya Masyarakat Orang Asli di Malaysia dan Kesannya Terhadap Pentafsiran Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Paiz Hassan ◽  
Mohd Anuar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Closed Door

Majority of the indigenous people who are the original inhabitants in Malaysia inhibit the remote area of tropical forest which is rich in natural resources. Their lives are separated from the outside community due to several factors such as geography, low literacy, negative perceptions of the surrounding community, and the closed-door attitude of the indigenous people. Consistent preaching activities have changed the faith of the indigenous people from animism orientation towards believing in the Oneness of God. The practice of Islam as a way of life in the lives of indigenous peoples is found to be difficult to practice because the fiqh approach presented to them does not celebrate their local condition. In this regard, this study will examine the socio-cultural isolation of indigenous peoples and their impact on the interpretation of Islamic law. To achieve this objective, the researchers have applied the library research method by referring to the literatures related to the discussion of Islamic scholars in various disciplines of fiqh and usūl al-fiqh. The research found that there is rukhsah and taysir approach given to isolated people as well as with local background to facilitate the religious affairs of the indigenous people. Abstrak Majoriti masyarakat Orang Asli yang merupakan penduduk asal di semenanjung Malaysia mendiami kawasan pedalaman di hutan hujan tropika yang kaya dengan khazanah alam. Kehidupan mereka terasing daripada masyarakat luar disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti geografi, kadar literasi yang rendah, pandangan negatif masyarakat sekitar dan sikap tertutup masyarakat Orang Asli. Gerakan dakwah yang dijalankan secara konsisten telah membawa perubahan kepercayaan sebahagian masyarakat Orang Asli daripada berorientasikan animisme kepada mempercayai Tuhan yang Esa. Pengamalan Islam sebagai cara hidup dalam kehidupan masyarakat Orang Asli didapati agak sukar untuk dipraktikkan lantaran pendekatan fiqh yang disampaikan kepada mereka tidak meraikan suasana setempat mereka. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan meneliti keadaan isolasi sosio-budaya masyarakat Orang Asli dan kesannya terhadap pentafsiran hukum Islam. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan sepenuhnya dengan menelusuri literatur berkaitan dengan perbincangan sarjana Islam dalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu fiqh dan usul fiqh. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat rukhsah dan pendekatan taysir diberikan kepada mereka yang hidup terasing serta berlatar belakang budaya setempat bagi memudahkan urusan keagamaan masyarakat Orang Asli.

Political Participation of Aboriginal People (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia: Examining the Compatibility of the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 with Undrip Standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sayuti Hassan ◽  
Rohaida Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
International Law ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
The Right

The main objective of this article is to critically evaluate the compatibility of the ‘right to political participation’ of the Orang Asli by looking at international law standards. The present study utilises a qualitative socio-legal approach, which analyses the political participation of the Orang Asli under Malaysian law and determines whether the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 (apa) can provide for the protection, well-being, and the advancement of the Orang Asli. Arguably, the existing provisions of the apa are not in conformity with the recognition in undrip and in no way guarantee the Orang Asli’s right to self-determination as recognised by international law. Thus, the current study recommends an amendment to the apa and introduces guidelines to empower political participation of the Orang Asli by incorporating the principles of undrip. The amendment is necessary to ensure that the protection of the right to self-determination of the Orang Asli is compatible with international law standards.

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