scholarly journals Causes of structural failures of a building: Case study of a building at Oba-Ile, Akure

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekan Makanju Olanitori
Keyword(s):  
Structural Failures

scholarly journals Diagnostics of the structural failure of sports hall external wall layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Leopold Kruszka ◽  
Pawel Muzolf
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Construction Defects

The paper presents the diagnostics of the technical condition of the external layers of the sports hall walls. Structural failures related to construction defects themselves constitute a relatively small percentage (4.1% in 2017, 5.05% in 2014-2017 [1]), although the main reason for them is the lack of maintaining technological rigors (76.9% in 2017, 68.4% in 2014-2017 [1]). The presented and described case study of the technical condition of the newly built sports hall does not refer to structural failure, but to the reduction of the risk of that failure as a result of non-compliance with construction technology, in particular, in relation to the external walls. Contrary to the design, the walls of the sports hall were made of aerated concrete. According to the declaration of a designer, the contractor neither consulted the changes with the designer nor gain the acceptance of the designer for using aerated concrete instead of the primary proposed and designed brick structure. In addition, aerated concrete curtain walls with a height of about 4.5 m were made without any wall connectors. This resulted in a risk of a structure failure involving the collapse of its curtain walls. The technological requirements for the repairing of the elements of supporting walls as well as the diagnostic process of the other damaged finishing cladding of external walls are also provided in this paper.

Boulevard Tree Failures During Wind Loading Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Johnson ◽  
Chad Giblin ◽  
Ryan Murphy ◽  
Eric North ◽  
Aaron Rendahl
Keyword(s):  
Urban Trees ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Potential Damage

Wind loading events vary in their intensity and degree of damage inflicted on urban infrastructure, both green and gray. Damage to urban trees can begin with wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour, especially when those trees harbor defects that predispose them to structural failures. The tree damage triangle integrates the three main factors that influence tree failures during wind loading events, namely the site characteristics, the (wind) loading event and any defects of the trees in question. The degree of damage that trees experience is generally a function of these factors overlapping each other. For instance, when the potential damage from wind loading events is exacerbated by poor tree architecture and compromised site conditions, the likelihood of significant damage is realized. Two studies on the damage to urban trees and the predictability of damage are reviewed; one study is a longterm gathering of wind loading events and accompanying damage to trees while the other is a case study of one storm in one city on one day. Both studies revealed critical pre-existing conditions that left trees vulnerable to whole tree losses: large trees in limited boulevard widths and severed roots as a result of sidewalk repair.

Structural Failures of Bulk Carriers

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jubb
Keyword(s):  
Structural Failure ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Deck Cracks

Structural failures of bulk carriers continue at a steady and unacceptable rate, claiming some 150 lives per year. This paper explains why bulk carriers are vulnerable to structural failure either because side shell plating falls out allowing ingress of seawater or the deck cracks open. Inadequate detail design, material without guaranteed fracture toughness and limitations of current inspection programmes are identified as fundamental weaknesses. The paper includes important information from a case study of six oil bulk ore carriers prone to deck cracking. One of the group of six which sank in 1980 was traced 4200 metres down on the floor of the Pacific Ocean in June 1994 and the results of this initial search are reviewed. There is a genuine need to go back to basics. Designing from first principles to determine local stresses is an important first step rather than the current use of prescriptive rules. All subsequent steps in bulk carrier construction and maintenance should be subject to a penetrating review.

Thermal and Mechanical Design Guidelines and General Considerations for the Proper Design, and Location, of Various Types of Service Connections on Steam Surface Condensers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
Drain Fluid ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Operational Issues

The incorrect design and/or poor location of service connections on steam surface condensers can cause serious, often catastrophic, failures due to the inadequate dispersion of drain fluid energies. These failures often occur during a number of different operational scenarios, which in turn can cause condenser tube and/or structural failures, both of which can lead to the de-rating of steam turbines, or even complete unit shut downs. This paper includes the latest thermal and mechanical design guidelines and general considerations for the proper design, and location, of various types of service connections on steam surface condensers. The paper also includes considerations for a number of special cases; such as steam bypass, deaerating drains, heater drains, etc. Furthermore, examples of common operational issues are included, together with recommended modifications and upgrades to address typical service connection failures on existing condensers. A Case Study and some examples are also referenced.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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